UPSC IAS Complete Syllabus 2022 for CSE Prelims & Mains with Notes

UPSC ias complete detailed syllabus prelims mains

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There are three stages in the UPSC IAS civil services exam: Preliminary, Mains, and the Interview. The preliminary exam would not be counted for the final ranking but just for qualification for the main exam. Only mains and interview marks will be counted for the final ranking. Read the detailed UPSC syllabus below.

This topic of “UPSC IAS Complete Syllabus 2022 for CSE Prelims & Mains with Notes” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Portion.

[UPSC Syllabus] Preliminary Exam – 400 Marks

Introduction

  • The Civil Services Preliminary exam consists of two compulsory papers of 200 marks each (General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper-II).
  • The questions will be of multiple-choice, objective type.
  • The marks in prelims will not be counted for final ranking, but just for qualification for the main exam.
  • The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for the Civil Service (Main) Examination based on the criterion of minimum qualifying marks of 33% in General Studies PaperII of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination and total qualifying marks of General Studies Paper-I of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination as may be determined by the Commission.

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General Studies Paper I Syllabus - 200 Marks

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General Studies Paper II Syllabus - 200 Marks

  • This objective paper is for a duration of two hours.
  • There will be 80 questions.
  • Marks of this paper are not counted to decide the toppers of the preliminary exam.
  • This paper is only qualifying in nature. Aspirants just need to ensure that they score at least 33% marks in this paper.
  • The syllabus of GS Paper 2 (CSAT) is given below:
    1. Comprehension.
    2. Interpersonal skills including communication skills.
    3. Logical reasoning and analytical ability.
    4. Decision-making and problem-solving.
    5. General mental ability.
    6. Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc. – (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. – Class X level).

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[UPSC Syllabus] Mains Exam – 1750 Marks

Introduction

  • A candidate’s rank in the UPSC Civil Service Exam depends only on the mark scored in Main and Interview.
  • The main exam has 1750 marks while the interview has 275 marks.
  • The written examination (main) will consist of the following nine papers, but only 7 papers will be counted for the final merit ranking. For the rest two papers, the candidate should secure minimum marks prescribed by UPSC each year.

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Paper-1: (Essay) - 250 Marks

  • In Essay Paper, candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics.
  • They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.
  • Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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Paper-2: (General Studies 1) - 250 Marks

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.

Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.

Salient features of Indian Society,

  • Diversity of India.
  • Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems, and their remedies.
  • Effects of globalization on Indian society
  • Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

Salient features of the world’s physical geography.

  • Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent);
  • factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
  • Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
  • geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

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Paper-3: (General Studies 2) - 250 Marks

Polity

  • Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
  • Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States,
  • Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
  • Separation of powers between various organs;
  • dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
  • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
  • Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, the conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
  • Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries and Departments of the Government;
  • pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
  • Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
  • Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
  • Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

Social Justice

  • Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
  • Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
  • Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
  • Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
  • Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

Governance

  • Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability,
  • e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential;
  • citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
  • Role of civil services in a democracy.

International relations

  • India and its neighbourhood- relations.
  • Bilateral, regional, and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
  • Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,
  • Indian Diaspora.
  • Important International institutions, agencies, and fora- their structure, mandate.

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Paper-4: (General Studies 3) - 250 Marks

Indian Economy

  • issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
  • Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
  • Government Budgeting.
  • Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints;
  • e-technology in the aid of farmers.
  • Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;
  • Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security;
  • Technology missions;
  • economics of animal-rearing.
  • Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
  • Land reforms in India.
  • Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
  • Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
  • Investment models.

Science and Technology

  • developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
  • Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
  • Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Disaster and disaster management.

Internal Security

  • Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
  • Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
  • Challenges to internal security through communication networks, the role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
  • Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
  • Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

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Paper-5: (General Studies 4) - 250 Marks

This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:

  • Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
  • Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
  • Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
  • Emotional intelligence – concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
  • Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world.
  • Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.0
  • Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
  • Case Studies on the above issues.

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Paper-6 & 7: (Optional Subject - Paper 1 & 2) - 250+250=500 Marks

Candidate can choose any one of the following optional subjects:

1. History

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on history optional.

PAPER-I: Ancient & Medieval India

1. Sources:

  • Archaeological sources:
  • Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments Literary sources:
  • Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.
  • Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.

2. Pre-history and Proto-history:

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (palaeolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic).

3. Indus Valley Civilization:

Origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance, art and architecture.

4. Megalithic Cultures:

Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.

5. Aryans and Vedic Period:

  • Expansions of Aryans in India.
  • Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.

6. Period of Mahajanapadas:

  • Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddhism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas.
  • Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact.

7. Mauryan Empire:

  • Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration; Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.
  • The disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas.

8. Post – Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas):

Contact with the outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, the Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.

11. the Regional States during the Gupta Era:

The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society.

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:

– Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the Peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs – The Cholas: administration, village economy and society

– “Indian Feudalism”

– Agrarian economy and urban settlements

– Trade and commerce

– Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order

– Condition of women

– Indian science and technology

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:

– Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa

– Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, Sufism

– Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini, Alberuni’s India

– Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting

15. The Thirteenth Century:

– Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions – factors behind Ghurian success – Economic, social and cultural consequences
– Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans – Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban

16. The Fourteenth Century:

– “The Khalji Revolution”

– Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measures

– Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, the bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq

– Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, a decline of the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries:

– Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement

– Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literature in the languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, the evolution of a composite culture

– Economy: Agricultural production, the rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century – Political Developments and Economy:

– Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids

– The Vijayanagara Empire

– Lodis

– Mughal Empire, First phase: Babur and Humayun

– The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration

– Portuguese Colonial enterprise

– Bhakti and Sufi Movements

19. The Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Century – Society and Culture:

– Regional cultural specificities – Literary traditions

– Provincial architecture

– Society, culture, literature and the arts in the Vijayanagara Empire.
20. Akbar:
– Conquests and consolidation of the Empire

– Establishment of Jagir and Mansab systems

– Rajput policy

– Evolution of religious and social outlook, the theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy

– Court patronage of art and technology

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:

– Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb

– The Empire and the Zamindars

– Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb

– Nature of the Mughal State

– Late Seventeenth-century crisis and the revolts

– The Ahom Kingdom

– Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.

22. Economy and Society in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries:

– Population, agricultural production, craft production

– Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies: a trade revolution – Indian mercantile classes, banking, insurance and credit systems
– Condition of peasants, condition of women

– Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth

23. Culture in the Mughal Empire:

– Persian histories and other literature

– Hindi and other religious literature

– Mughal architecture

– Mughal painting

– Provincial architecture and painting – Classical music

– Science and technology

24. The Eighteenth Century:

– Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire

– The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh

– Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas

– The Maratha fiscal and financial system

– Emergence of Afghan Power, Battle of Panipat:1761

– State of politics, culture and economy on the eve of the British conquest

PAPER-II: Modern India & World History

1. European Penetration into India:The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal -The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.

2. British Expansion in India:

Bengal – Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab.

3. Early Structure of the British Raj:

The early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct control; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt’s India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India.

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:

(a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.

(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; Deindustrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations.

5. Social and Cultural Developments:

The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western

education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of science; Christian missionary activities in India.

6. Social and Religious Reform movements in Bengal and Other Areas:

Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism – the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.

7. Indian Response to British Rule:

Peasant movements and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (18991900); The Great Revolt of 1857 – Origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s.

8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India.

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi’s popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working-class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.

10. Constitutional Developments in Colonial India between 1858 and 1935.

11. Other strands in the National Movement.The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P, the Madras Presidency, Outside India.The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence.

13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru’s Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic reorganization of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward castes and tribes in postcolonial electoral politics; Dalit movements.

15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of science.

16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
(i) Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau

(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies

(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.

17. Origins of Modern Politics:

(i) European States System.

(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.

(iii) French revolution and aftermath, 17891815.

(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery.

(v) British Democratic Politics, 18151850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.

18. Industrialization:

(i) English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society

(ii) Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan (iii) Industrialization and Globalization.
19. Nation-State System:

(i) Rise of Nationalism in the 19th century

(ii) Nationalism: state-building in Germany and Italy

(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the world.

20. Imperialism and Colonialism:

(i) South and South-East Asia

(ii) Latin America and South Africa

(iii) Australia

(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.

21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution:

(i) 19th Century European revolutions (ii) The Russian Revolution of 19171921
(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany. (iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949

22. World Wars:

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal implications

(ii) World War I: Causes and consequences

(iii) World War II: Causes and consequence

23. The World after World War II:

(i) Emergence of two power blocs

(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment (iii) UNO and the global disputes.

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule:

(i) Latin America-Bolivar

(ii) Arab World-Egypt

(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy

(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam

25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment:

(i) Factors constraining development: Latin America, Africa

26. Unification of Europe:

(i) Post War Foundations: NATO and European Community

(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community

(iii) European Union.

27. Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World:

(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991

(ii) Political Changes in Eastern Europe 1989-2001.

(iii) End of the cold war and US ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.

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2. Geography

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on Geography optional.

PAPER-I: Principles of Geography

Physical Geography:
1.  Geomorphology: Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology, and environment.
 
2.    Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and frontogenesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology, and Urban climate.
 
3.  Oceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of the sea and marine pollution.
 
4.    Biogeography: Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wildlife; Major gene pool centres.
 
5.   Environmental Geography: Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management, and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.

Human Geography:

1. Perspectives in Human Geography: Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioral, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions, and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.

2.   Economic Geography: World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: a typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects, and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.
 
3.    Population and Settlement Geography: Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of the over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
 
4.  Regional Planning: Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
 
5.  Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography: Systems analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

PAPER-II: Geography of India

1.   Physical Setting: Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.
 
2.  Resources: Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; Forest and wildlife resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
 
3.   Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: landholdings, land tenure, and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aquaculture; sericulture, apiculture, and poultry; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones; agro-ecological regions.
 
4.   Industry: Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage, and agro-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalization; New industrial policies; Multinationalsand liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco-tourism.

5.  Transport, Communication, and Trade: Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space program.
 
6.  Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas, and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution, and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intraregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
 
7.   Settlements: Types, patterns, and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies.
 
8.    Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programs; Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for the backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.
 
9.  Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
 
10.   Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification, and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.

NOTE: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

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3. Political Science and International Relations

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on PSIR optional.

PAPER-I: Political Theory and Indian Politics

Political Theory:

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.

2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neoliberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial, and feminist.

3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.

4. Equality: Social, political, and economic; the relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.

5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; the concept of Human Rights.

6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative, participatory, and deliberative.

7. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology, and legitimacy.

8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism, and Feminism.

9. Indian Political Thought: Dharmashastra, Arthashastra, and Buddhist traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy.

10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.

Indian Government and Politics:

1. Indian Nationalism:

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle: Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and revolutionary movements, Peasant and workers’ movements.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement: Liberal, Socialist, and Marxist; Radical humanist and Dalit.

2. Making of the Indian Constitution: Legacies of the British rule; different social and political perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature, and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature, and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; the significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.

7. Federalism: Constitutional provisions; changing nature of center-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

8. Planning and Economic Development: Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; the role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion, and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

10. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behavior; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators.

11. Social Movements: Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist movements.

PAPER-II: Comparative Politics and International Relations

Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics:

1. Comparative Politics: Nature and major approaches; political economy and political sociology perspectives; limitations of the comparative method.

2. State in comparative perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and, advanced industrial and developing societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groups, and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist, and Systems theory.

6. Key concepts in International Relations: National interest, Security and power; Balance of power and deterrence; Transnational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalization.

7. Changing International Political Order:

(a) Rise of superpowers; strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and Cold War; nuclear threat;

(b) Non-aligned movement: Aims and achievements;

(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world.

8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Bretton woods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; specialized UN agencies-aims and functioning; the need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, NAFTA.

11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice, terrorism, nuclear proliferation.

India and the World:

1. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; institutions of policy-making; continuity and change.

2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement: Different phases; current role.

3. India and South Asia:

(a) Regional Co-operation: SAARC – past performance and future prospects.

(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.

(c) India’s “Look East” policy.

(d) Impediments to regional co-operation: river water disputes; illegal cross-border migration; ethnic
conflicts and insurgencies; border disputes.

4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China, and Russia.

6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council.

7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign policy: India’s position on the recent crisis in Afghanistan, Iraq, and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; a vision of new world order.

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4. Anthropology

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on Anthropology optional.

PAPER-I

1.1 Meaning, scope, and development of Anthropology.

1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences, and Humanities.

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope, and relevance:

(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.

(b) Biological Anthropology.

(c) Archaeological Anthropology.

(d) Linguistic Anthropology.

1.4 Human Evolution and the emergence of Man:

(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.

(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (PreDarwinian, Darwinian, and Post-Darwinian).

(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution).

1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications.

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics, and geographical distribution of the following:

(a) Plio-Pleistocene hominids in South and East Africa – Australopithecines.

(b) Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus Heidel biogenesis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus Pekinensis).

(c) Neanderthal Man- La-Chapelle-aux saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).

(d) Rhodesian man.

(e) Homo sapiens — Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.

1.7 The biological basis of life: The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8

(a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology: Relative and Absolute Dating methods.

(b) Cultural Evolution- Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures:

(i) Paleolithic

(ii) Mesolithic

(iii) Neolithic

(iv) Chalcolithic

(v) Copper-Bronze Age

(vi) Iron Age

2.1 The Nature of Culture: The concept and characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-à-vis cultural Relativism.

2.2 The Nature of Society: Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institutions; Social groups; and Social stratification.

2.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive, and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bridewealth and dowry).

2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household, and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence, and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization, and feminist movements on family.

2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation, and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance.

3. Economic organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing the production, distribution, and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution, and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems.

4. Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom, and state; concepts of power, authority, and legitimacy; social control, law, and justice in simple societies.

5. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological, and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism, and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magicoreligious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer, and witch).

6. Anthropological theories:

(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan, and Frazer)

(b) Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German and American)

(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural-functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)

(d) Structuralism (L’evi – Strauss and E.Leach)

(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner, and Cora – du Bois).

(f) Neo – evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins, and Service)

(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)

(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider, and Geertz)

(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)

(j) Postmodernism in anthropology

7. Culture, language, and communication: Nature, origin, and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of language use.

8. Research methods in anthropology:

(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology

(b) Distinction between technique, method, and methodology

(c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods.

(d) Analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

9

9.1 Human Genetics: Methods and Application: Methods for the study of genetic principles in the man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyotype analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology, and recombinant technologies.

9.2 Mendelian genetics in the man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sublethal, and polygenic inheritance in man.

9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.

(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).

(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex, and other syndromic disorders.

(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syndrome, Patau, Edward, and Cri-du-chat syndromes.

(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping, and genome study.

9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation, and race crossing in man.

9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions, and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups.

9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases. Nutritional deficiency-related diseases.

10. Concept of human growth and development: stages of growth – pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.

– Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural, and socio-economic.

– Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations – biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause, and other bio events to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.

11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social, and cultural.

11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality, and mortality.

12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defense and other equipment, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, Serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.

PAPER-II

1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Neolithic Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civilization): Pre- Harappan, Harappan, and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

1.2 Palaeo – anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus, and Narmada Man).

1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethnoarchaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities.

2. Demographic profile of India — Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population – factors influencing its structure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of the traditional Indian social system — Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina, and Rebirth.

3.2 Caste system in India- structure, and characteristics, Varna and caste, Theories of origin of the caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system, Tribe- caste continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature- Man-Spirit Complex.

3.4 Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, and Christianity on Indian society.

4. Emergence and growth of anthropology in India-Contributions of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies.

5.1 Indian Village: Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political, and economic status.

5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati raj and social change; Media and social change.

6.1 Tribal situation in India – Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of tribal populations and their distribution.

6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities — land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health, and nutrition.

6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal populations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programs, and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.

7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism; Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and other religions on tribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation-state — a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries.

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programs of tribal development, and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programs for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.

9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism, and ethnic and political movements.

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5. Sociology

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on Sociology optional.

PAPER-I: FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology – The Discipline:

(a)  Modernity and social changes in Europe and the emergence of sociology.

(b)  Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

(c)   Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:

(a)  Science, scientific method and critique.

(b)  Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

(c)   Positivism and its critique.

(d)  Fact value and objectivity.

(e)   Non- positivist methodologies.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

(a)  Qualitative and quantitative methods.

(b)  Techniques of data collection.

(c)   Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

4. Sociological Thinkers:

(a)  Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

(b)  Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.

(c)   Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.

(d)  Talcott Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.

(e)   Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.

(f) Mead – Self and identity.

5. Stratification and Mobility:

(a) Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.

(b) Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.

(c) Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.

(d) Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.

6. Works and Economic Life:

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal society, industrial /capitalist society.

(b) Formal and informal organization of work.

(c) Labour and society.

7. Politics and Society:

(a)  Sociological theories of power.

(b)  Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.

(c)   Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

(d)  Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

8. Religion and Society:

(a)  Sociological theories of religion.

(b)  Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

(c)   Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.

9. Systems of Kinship:

(a)  Family, household, marriage.

(b)  Types and forms of family.

(c)   Lineage and descent.

(d)  Patriarchy and the sexual division of labour.

(e)   Contemporary trends.

10. Social Change in Modern Society:

(a)  Sociological theories of social change.

(b)  Development and dependency.

(c)   Agents of social change.

(d)  Education and social change.

(e)   Science, technology and social change.

PAPER-II: INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian Society:

(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian society:

(a)  Indology (GS. Ghurye).

(b)  Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).

(c)   Marxist sociology (A R Desai).

(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :

(a)  Social background of Indian nationalism.

(b)  Modernization of Indian tradition.

(c)   Protests and movements during the colonial period.

(d)  Social reforms.

B. Social Structure:

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

(a)  The idea of Indian village and village studies.

(b)  Agrarian social structure – the evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

(ii)  Caste System:
 
(a)  Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.

(b)  Features of the caste system.

(c)   Untouchability – forms and perspectives.

(iii) Tribal communities in India:

(a) Definitional problems.

(b)  Geographical spread.

(c)   Colonial policies and tribes.

(d)  Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv) Social Classes in India:

(a)  Agrarian class structure.

(b)  Industrial class structure.

(c)   Middle classes in India.

(v)  Systems of Kinship in India:
 
(a)  Lineage and descent in India.

(b)  Types of kinship systems.

(c)   Family and marriage in India.

(d)  Household dimensions of the family.

(e)   Patriarchy, entitlements and the sexual division of labour.

(vi) Religion and Society:

(a)  Religious communities in India.

(b)  Problems of religious minorities.

C. Social Changes in India:

(i)  Visions of Social Change in India:
 
(a)  Idea of development planning and a mixed economy.

(b)  Constitution, law and social change.

(c)   Education and social change.

(ii)  Rural and Agrarian transformation in India:

(a)  Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

(b)  Green revolution and social change.

(c)   Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

(d)  Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

(a)  Evolution of the modern industry in India.

(b)  Growth of urban settlements in India.

(c)   Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

(d)  Informal sector, child labour.

(e)   Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

(iv) Politics and Society:

(a)  Nation, democracy and citizenship.

(b)  Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

(c)   Regionalism and decentralization of power.

(d)  Secularization.

(v)  Social Movements in Modern India:
 
(a)  Peasants and farmers movements.

(b)  Women’s movement.

(c)   Backward classes & Dalit movement.

(d)  Environmental movements.

(e)   Ethnicity and Identity movements.

(vi) Population Dynamics:

(a)  Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

(b)  Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

(c)   Population policy and family planning.

(d)  Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:

(a)  Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.

(b)  Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

(c)   Violence against women.

(d)  Caste conflicts.

(e)   Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

(f)  Illiteracy and disparities in education.

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6. Public Administration

Click here for our in-depth syllabus-wise mindmap notes on Public Administration optional.

PAPER-I: Administrative Theory

1. Introduction:

Meaning, scope, and significance of Public Administration; Wilson’s vision of Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and its present status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.

2. Administrative Thought:

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model– its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human

Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor).

3. Administrative Behaviour:

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories – content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modern.

4. Organisations:

Theories – systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.

5. Accountability and control:

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and Judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. Administrative Law:

Meaning, scope, and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.
7. Comparative Public Administration:

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.

8. Development Dynamics:

Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalization on administration in developing countries; Women and development – the self-help group movement.

9. Personnel Administration:

Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

10. Public Policy:

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualization, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review, and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement:

Organization and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. Financial Administration:

Monetary and fiscal policies; Public borrowings and public debt Budgets – types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

PAPER-II: Indian Administration

1. Evolution of Indian Administration:

Kautilya’s Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration – Indianization of public services, revenue administration, district administration, local self-government.

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of government:

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development.

3. Public Sector Undertakings:

The public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability, and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. Union Government and Administration:

Executive, Parliament, Judiciary – structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intragovernmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.

5. Plans and Priorities:

Machinery of planning; Role, composition, and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social justice.

6. State Government and Administration:

Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.

7. District Administration since Independence:

Changing role of the Collector; Union state-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization.

8. Civil Services:

Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training, and capacity-building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.

9. Financial Management:

Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in the monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence:

Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation.

11. Rural Development:

Institutions and agencies since independence; Rural development programs: foci and strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.

12. Urban Local Government:

Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance, and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Globallocal debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics, and administration with special reference to city management.

13. Law and Order Administration:

British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of central and state agencies including paramilitary forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police.

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen-administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management.

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7. Psychology

PAPER-I: Foundations of Psychology

1. Introduction:

Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st century; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems.

2. Methods of Psychology:

Types of research: Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic, and prognostic; Methods of Research: Survey, observation, case-study, and experiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimental design, Quasi-experimental designs; Focused group discussions, brain storming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research Methods:

Major steps in Psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research designs, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report writing) Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire); Research designs (ex-post facto and experimental); Application of statistical technique (t-test, two way ANOVA correlation, regression and factor analysis); Item response theory.

4. Development of Human Behaviour:

Growth and development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behavior; Influence of cultural factors in socialization; Life span development Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being across major stages of the life span.

5. Sensation, Attention, and Perception:

Sensation: concepts of the threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences, perceptual defense-factors influencing space and depth perception, size estimation, and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal perception.

6. Learning:

Concept and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and Information processing models); The Processes of extinction, discrimination, and generalization; Programmed learning, probability learning, self-instructional learning, concepts; Types and the schedules of reinforcement, escape avoidance and punishment, modeling, and social learning.

7. Memory:

Encoding and remembering; Short term memory, Long term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.

8. Thinking and Problem Solving:

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning, and problem-solving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem-solving, Methods of problem-solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing decision making and judgment; Recent trends.

9. Motivation and Emotion:

Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion on behavior; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues.

10. Intelligence and Aptitude:

Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence Spearman, Thurstone, Guilford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P; Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, the concept of IQ, deviation IQ, the constancy of IQ; Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

11. Personality:

Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, sociocultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5-factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions.

12. Attitudes, Values, and Interests:

Definition of attitudes, values, and interests; Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes; Measurement of attitudes, values, and interests; Theories of attitude change; Strategies for fostering values; Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing others behavior; Theories of attribution; Recent trends.

13. Language and Communication:

Human language – Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition-predisposition, critical period hypothesis; Theories of language development Skinner and Chomsky; Process and types of communication – effective communication training.

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology:

Computer application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousness-sleep-wake schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug-induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception simulation studies.

PAPER-II: Psychology: Issues and Applications

1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences:

The nature of individual differences; Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests; Types of psychological tests; Use, misuse, and limitation of psychological tests; ethical issues in the use of psychological tests.

2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders:

Concept of health-ill health; Positive health, well being; Causal factors in mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders); Factors influencing positive health, well being, lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition.

3. Therapeutic Approaches:

Psychodynamic therapies; Behaviour therapies; Client centered therapy; Cognitive therapies; Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Meditation); Bio-feedback therapy; Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fostering mental health.

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour:

Personnel selection and training; Use of psychological tests in the industry; Training and human resource development; Theories of work motivation – Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational leadership; Sensitivity training; Power and politics in organizations.

5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field:

Psychological principles underlying effective teaching-learning process; Learning styles; Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training; Training for improving memory and better academic achievement; Personality development and value education, Educational, vocational guidance and career counseling; Use of psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programs.

6. Community Psychology:

Definition and concept of community psychology; Use of small groups in social action; Arousing community consciousness and action for handling social problems; Group decision making and leadership for social change; Effective strategies for social change.

7. Rehabilitation Psychology:

Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programs-role of psychologists; Organising of services for the rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons, Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behavior; Rehabilitation of victims of violence, Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups:

The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation; Social, physical, cultural, and economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups; Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and prolonged deprivation.

9. Psychological problems of social integration:

The concept of social integration; The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice; Nature and the manifestation of prejudice between the in-group and out-group; Causal factors of social conflicts and prejudices; Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices; Measures to achieve social integration.

10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media:

The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists; Selection and training of psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media; Distance learning through IT and mass media; Entrepreneurship through e-commerce; Multilevel marketing; Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media; Psychological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology.

11. Psychology and Economic development:

Achievement motivation and economic development; Characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior; Motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for the promotion of entrepreneurship among youth including women entrepreneurs.

12. Application of psychology to environment and related fields:

Environmental psychology- effects of noise, pollution, and crowding; Population psychology: psychological consequences of population explosion and high population density; Motivating for small family norm; Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of the environment.

13. Application of psychology in other fields:

(a) Military Psychology

Devising psychological tests for defense personnel for use in selection, Training, counseling; training psychologists to work with defense personnel in promoting positive health; Human engineering in defense.

(b) Sports Psychology

Psychological interventions in improving the performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.

(c)   Media influences on pro and antisocial behavior.

(d)  Psychology of terrorism.

14. Psychology of Gender:

Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society

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8. Philosophy

PAPER-I

History and Problems of Philosophy:

Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.

Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.

Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.

Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God

Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism

Moore, Russell, and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Saying and Showing.

Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.

Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.

Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.

Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being–in–the–world and Temporality.

Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.

Cârvâka: Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.

Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhaòginaya; Bondage and Liberation.

Schools of Buddhism: Pratîtyasamutpâda; Ksanikavada, Nairâtmyavâda.

Nyâya- Vaiúesika: Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramâna; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.

Sâmkhya: Prakrti; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.

Yoga: Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.

Mimâmsâ: Theory of Knowledge.

Schools of Vedânta: Brahman; Îúvara; Âtman; Jiva; Jagat; Mâyâ; Avidyâ; Adhyâsa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda

Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga

PAPER-II

Socio-Political Philosophy

Social and Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty.

Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.

Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability.

Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.

Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism.

Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism.

Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.

Development and Social Progress.

Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land, and Property Rights; Empowerment.

10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar

Philosophy of Religion:

Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).

Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).

The problem of Evil.

Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.

Reason, Revelation, and Faith.

Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western).

Religion without God.

Religion and Morality.

Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.

Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Noncognitive.

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9. Economics

PAPER-I

1. Advanced Micro Economics:

(a)  Marshallian and Walrasian Approach to Price determination.

(b)  Alternative Distribution Theories: Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki.

(c)   Markets Structure: Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly.

(d)  Modern Welfare Criteria: Pareto Hicks & Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A.K. Sen’s Social Welfare Function.

2. Advanced Macro Economics:

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination: Classical, Keynes (IS-LM) curve, Neo classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure.

3. Money – Banking and Finance:

(a)   Demand for and Supply of Money: Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher, Pique, and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory on Demand for Money, Goals, and Instruments of Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. The relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for the ceiling on the growth rate of money.

(b)     Public Finance and its Role in Market Economy: In stabilization of supply, allocation of resources, and in distribution and development. Sources of Govt. revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects, and limits to borrowings. Public Expenditure and its effects.

4. International Economics:

(a)  Old and New Theories of International Trade
(i)       Comparative Advantage
(ii)     Terms of Trade and Offer Curve.
(iii)    Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories.
(iv)   Trade as an engine of growth and theories under development in an open economy.
(b)  Forms of Protection: Tariff and quota.
(c)   Balance of Payments Adjustments: Alternative Approaches.
(i)       Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.
(ii)     Theories of Policy Mix.
(iii)    Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
(iv)   Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries: Currency Boards.
(v)     Trade Policy and Developing Countries.
(vi)   BOP, adjustments, and Policy Coordination in open economy macro-model.
(vii)  Speculative attacks.
(viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.
(ix)   WTO: TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.

5.  Growth and Development:
(a)   Theories of growth:
(i) Harrod’s model,
(ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labor,
(iii) Balanced and Unbalanced growth,
(iv) Human Capital and Economic Growth.
(v)  Research and Development and Economic Growth
(b)    Process of Economic Development of Less developed countries: Myrdal and Kuzments on economic development and structural change: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of less developed countries.
(c)   Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals.
(d)   Planning and Economic Development: the changing role of Markets and Planning, Private- Public Partnership.
(e)    Welfare indicators and measures of growth – Human Development Indices. The basic needs approach.
(f)    Development and Environmental Sustainability – Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development.

PAPER-II

1. Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era:

Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture, Drain theory, Laissez-faire theory, and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money, and Credit.

2. Indian Economy after Independence:

A.  The Pre Liberalization Era:
 
(i)   Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil, and V.K.R.V. Rao.

(ii)    Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution, and capital formation in agriculture.

(iii)    Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of the public and private sector, Small scale, and cottage industries.

(iv)   National and Per capita income: patterns, trends, aggregate, and Sectoral composition and changes theirs in.

(v)    Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in poverty, and inequality.

B. The Post Liberalization Era:

(i)    New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, Subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth.

(ii)    New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment, and multinationals.

(iii)    New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights: Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS,
GATS and new EXIM policy.

(iv)   New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.

(v)     New Economic Policy and Public Finance: Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.

(vi)   New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime.

(vii)   Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

(viii)New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.

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10. Statistics

PAPER-I

1. Probability:

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of the random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th, mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine‘s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroff’s theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.

2. Statistical Inference:

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for a single parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square, and modified minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.

Non-randomized and randomized tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.

Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test, and its optimality.

Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, and median test, their consistency, and asymptotic normality.

Wald’s SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:

Linear statistical models’, the theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least-squares estimates and their precision, a test of significance and interval estimates based on least-squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis-D2, and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.

4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:

An outline of fixed-population and super population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed-effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD, and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments, and 2n and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, the transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.

PAPER-II

1. Industrial Statistics:

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple, and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD, and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Roming tables.

Concept of reliability, failure rate, and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal, lognormal.

Problems in life testing, censored, and truncated experiments for exponential models.

2. Optimization Techniques:

Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte- Carlo methods formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algebraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, the concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1, and M/G/1 queues.

The solution of statistical problems on computers using well-known statistical software packages like SPSS.

3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models, and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting.

Commonly used index numbersLaspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, chain-base index numbers, uses and limitations of index numbers, the index number of wholesale prices, consumer prices, agricultural production and industrial production, test for index numbers proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular.

General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, the problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions of multi-collinearity, auto-correlation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of estimation.

The present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection, and their main functions.

4. Demography and Psychometry:

Demographic data from the census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, use of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population

projection, a stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys, and use of hospital statistics.

Methods of standardization of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

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11. Agriculture

PAPER-I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, sustainable management, and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agroecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals, and humans. Climate change – international conventions and global initiatives. Greenhouse effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis – Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibers, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Important features and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests.

Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agroforestry and value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Soil- physical, chemical, and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertilizer recommendations, integrated nutrient management. Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in the soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphorus and potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting greenhouse gas emission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dryland agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilizing agriculture production in rainfed areas.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways, and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of waterlogged soils, quality of irrigation water, the effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India. Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management – strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; the role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

Agricultural extension, its importance, and role, methods of evaluation of extension programs, socio-economic survey, and status of big, small, and marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers. Training programs for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in the dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organization (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development.

PAPER-II

Cell structure, function, and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure, and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids, and aneuploids. Mutations – and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification, and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.

History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing, and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution, and domestication of crop plants, the center of origin, the law of homologous series, crop genetic resources- conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass, and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement. Genetically modified crop plants.

Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, seed testing, and storage. DNA fingerprinting and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues, and its impact on Agriculture. Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of nutrients. Soil water-plant relationship.

Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis-modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrates, protein, and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress physiology – drought, salt, and water stress.

Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices, and flower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high-tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops, and their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Integrated pest and disease management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their formulation, and modes of action.

Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population – vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and international food policies. Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food-based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency – Micro nutrient deficiency: Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency, and HRD in the context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food security

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12. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science

PAPER-I

1. Animal Nutrition:

1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon – nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing the energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs, and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.

1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein interrelationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.

1.3 Major and trace minerals – Their sources, physiological functions, and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in the body, their sources, and deficiency symptoms.

1.4 Feed additives – methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mold inhibitors, buffers, etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics – the latest concepts.

1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials – direct, indirect, and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals, and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of the lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower, and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low-cost rations for swine.

1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.

2. Animal Physiology:

2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease.

2.2 Blood constituents – Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification, and properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.

2.3 Circulation – Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heartbeat, electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, the effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier- Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation in birds.

2.4 Respiration – Mechanism of respiration, Transport, and exchange of gases – neural control of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

2.5 Excretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.

2.6 Endocrine glands – Functional disorders their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism, and control of secretion- hormonal receptors-classification and function.

2.7 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.

2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction, and Digestion- Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection, Male and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.

2.9 Environmental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors, and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behavior, climatology – various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behavior. Effect of stress on health and production.

3. Animal Reproduction :

Semen quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen, the composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, the composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine, and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

4. Livestock Production and Management :

4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming- Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting with a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animals. Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.

4.2 Commercial meat, egg, and wool production-Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concepts.

4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood, and other natural calamities.

5. Genetics and Animal Breeding:

History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex-limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance. Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations, and mutation rate. Trans-genesis.

5.1 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding, Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; the role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.

5.2 Breeding Systems- Breeds of live-stock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within-family selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.

6. Extension :

Basic philosophy, objectives, concept, and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer, and feedback. Problems and constraints in the transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programs for rural development.

PAPER-II

1. Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Hygiene :

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. staining – Freezing microtomy- Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of the cell, organelle, and inclusions; cell division-cell types- Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues Comparative histology of organs-Vascular. Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and urogenital systems Endocrine glands -Integuments-sense organs.

1.2 Embryology – Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers- foetal membranes and placentation-types of the placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis -germ layer derivatives- endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivates.

1.3 Bovine Anatomy- Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX- surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibular alveolar, mental, and corneal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudendal nerve, median ulnar and radial nerves-tibial, fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor apparatus and their
application in the biomechanics of the mammalian body.

1.4 Anatomy of Fowl- Musculoskeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion, and egg production.

1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutic drugs Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on the Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anesthesia and dissociative anesthetics. Autacoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins, and mycotoxins.

1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air, and habitation – Assessment of pollution of water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health- effect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization and animal agriculture- animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds- stress, strain, and productivity in relation to animal habitation.

2. Animal Diseases :

2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, pigs, and poultry.

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig, and poultry.

2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.

2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning.

2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

2.6 Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases hard immunity- disease-free zones- ‘zero’ disease concept- chemoprophylaxis.

2.7 Anaesthesia- local, regional, and general-pre anesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomasal displacement- Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy-Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques.Materials for laboratory investigation- Establishment of Animal Health Centers- Disease free zone.

3. Veterinary Public Health:

3.1 Zoonoses. – Classification, definition, the role of animals and birds in prevalence, and transmission of zoonotic diseases- occupational zoonotic diseases.

3.2 Epidemiology- Principle, the definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water, and foodborne infections. OIE regulations, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence- Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases – State and central rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases-S P C A-Veterolegal cases- Certificates Materials and Methods of collection of samples for vetero-legal investigation.

4. Milk and Milk Products Technology:

4.1 Market Milk: Quality, testing, and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, marketing, defects, and control. Preparation of the following kinds of milk: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined, and flavored milk. Preparation of cultured milk, cultures, and their management, yogurt, Dahi, Lassi, and Srikhand. Preparation of flavored and sterilized milk. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

4.2 Milk Products Technology: Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing, and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, Ice cream, and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, buttermilk, lactose, and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products- BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control, and nutritive properties. Packaging, processing, and operational control. Costing of dairy products.

5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:

5.1 Meat Hygiene.

5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter, and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts- grading of carcass meat cuts- duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.

5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling the production of meat- Spoilage of meat and control measures- Post – slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them- Quality improvement methods – Adulteration of meat and detection Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.

5.2 Meat Technology.

5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat- Meat emulsions- Methods of preservation of meat- Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing, and formulations.

5.3 By-products- Slaughterhouse by-products and their utilization- Edible and inedible by-products- Social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughterhouse by-products- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.

5.4 Poultry Products Technology- Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre – slaughter care, and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.

Structure, composition, and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs, and products. Value-added meat products.

5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming – Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by-products. Grading of wool

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13. Chemistry

PAPER-I

1. Atomic Structure:

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation (time-independent); Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemical Bonding:

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, the concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in H2+, H2, He2+ to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN–; Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength, and bond length.

3. Solid State:

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures, and unit cell; Bragg’s law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl and CaF2; Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.

4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon:

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall, and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.

5. Liquid State:

Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension, and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics:

Work, heat, and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics.

The second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy– reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cvá and â; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, the relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, the introductory idea of the third law of thermodynamics.

7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance, and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

8. Electrochemistry:

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties. Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; the rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electro-analytical techniques: Polarography, amperometry, ion-selective electrodes, and their uses.

9. Chemical Kinetics:

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second, and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive, and chain reactions; branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods; Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photochemistry:

Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:

Absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics, and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes, and ferredoxins.

13. Coordination Compounds:

(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes; Valence bond theory, crystal field theory, and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.

(ii)   Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(iii)   EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides, and metal nitrosyl compounds.

(iv)    Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure, and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes, and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules, and their characterization; Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

14. Main Group Chemistry:

Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur – nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.

15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Elements:

Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

PAPER-II

1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.

2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of the mechanism of organic reactions: isotopic method, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; the energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(ii)  Reactive Intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability, and reactions of carbonium ions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes, and nitrenes.
 
(iii)   Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2, and SNi mechanisms; neighboring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and indole.
 
(iv)    Elimination Reactions: E1, E2, and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination – Chugaev and Cope eliminations.
 
(v)    Addition Reactions: Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=0, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.
 
(vi)     Reactions and Rearrangements: (a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens, and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro, and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann, and Reformatsky reactions.

3. Pericyclic Reactions:

Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules – electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymers–polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic, and natural rubber.

(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA, and RNA.

5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:

OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi and MCPBA.

6. Photochemistry:

Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

7. Spectroscopy:

Principle and applications in structure elucidation:

(i)  Rotational: Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.
 
(ii)  Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.
 
(iii)  Electronic: Singlet and triplet states; n π* and π π*  transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra.
 
(iv)   Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin interaction and coupling constants.

(v) Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement.

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14. Physics

PAPER-I

1.

(a) Mechanics of Particles:

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass and laboratory reference frames.

(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:

System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.

(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media:

Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.

(d) Special Relativity:

Michelson- Morley experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations- length contraction, time dilation, the addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process; Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics.

2. Waves and Optics:

(a) Waves:

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and Refraction from Huygens’ principle.

(b) Geometrical Optics:

Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method in paraxial optics-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.

(c) Interference:

Interference of light-Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perot interferometer.

(d) Diffraction:

Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular aperture.

(e) Polarization and Modern Optics:

Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter-wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step-index and parabolic index fibres; Material dispersion, single-mode fibres; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients; Ruby and He-Ne lasers; Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams; Three-level scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications.

3. Electricity and Magnetism:

(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges, the multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications; Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarization; Solutions to boundary-value problems-

conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity:

Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications; Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law; Self-and mutual-inductances; Mean and r m s values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallel resonances; Quality factor; Principle of the transformer.

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:

Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, the covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and Planck’s radiation law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans’ law.

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics:

(a) Thermodynamics:

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and applications; Clausius- Clapeyron equation; Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics:

Macro and microstates, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, applications to the specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures

PAPER-II

1. Quantum Mechanics:

Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for a free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three-dimensional box, the density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:

Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, the fine structure of hydrogen atom; L-S coupling, J- J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; FrankCondon principle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:

Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications, mass parabolas; Ground state of deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of the nucleus – successes and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars; Nuclear reactors.

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of hadrons; Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos.

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics:

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators; Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, logic gates and truth tables; Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.

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15. Botany

PAPER-I

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology:

Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis.

Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures; Fungal toxins; Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.

2. Cryptogams:

Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes – structure and reproduction from an evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance.

3. Phanerogams:

Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymnosperms; Classification and distribution of gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction; General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales; Geological time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques. Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogeny.

Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology. Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families – Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae.

Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy.

Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm – its development and function; Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony and apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization.

4. Plant Resource Development:

Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants; Vavilov’s centres of origin; Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibre, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes, latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in the Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.

5. Morphogenesis:

Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture; Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications.

PAPER-II

1. Cell Biology:

Techniques of cell biology; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells – structural and ultra-structural details; Structure and function of extra-cellular matrix (cell wall), membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes); Cytoskeleton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal transduction; Mitosis and meiosis; Molecular basis of cell cycle; Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of the genome; Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes – structure, behaviour and significance.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:

Development of genetics; Gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over; Methods of gene mapping, including molecular maps (the idea of mapping function); Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance, sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).

Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution – evidence, mechanism and theories.

Role of RNA in origin and evolution.

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:

Methods of plant breeding – introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding; Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering – methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques – probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH.

Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV); Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square test); Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson); Correlation and regression.

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:

Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies; Photosynthesis – photochemical reactions; photo-phosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of phloem transport; Respiration (anaerobic and aerobic, including fermentation) – electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism; Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation; Importance of secondary metabolites; Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome); Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence; Growth substances – their chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture; Growth indices, growth movements; Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology; Dormancy, storage and germination of seed; Fruit ripening – its molecular basis and manipulation.

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:

Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors; Concepts and dynamics of community; Plant succession; Concept of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act.

Forest types of India – Ecological and economic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism, IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention on Biological Diversity; Farmers’ Rights and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles; Global warming and climatic change; Invasive species; Environmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeo-graphical regions of India.

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16. Zoology

PAPER-I

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:

(a)  Classification and the relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria, and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora, and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and Leishmania.

(c)   Porifera: Skeleton, canal system, and reproduction.

(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures, and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e)   Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.

(f)  Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, the parasitic adaptation of Ascaris, and Wuchereria.

(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.

(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach, and scorpion); modification of mouthparts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee, and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, the social behavior of Apis and termites.

(i)   Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j)  Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features, and life history of Asterias.

(k)  Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania.

(l)   Pisces: Respiration, locomotion, and migration.

(m)  Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n)  Reptilia: Origin of reptiles, skull types, the status of Sphenodon, and crocodiles.

(o)  Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

(p)   Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg-laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

2. Ecology:

(a)  Biosphere: Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human-induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.

(b)   Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.

(c)   Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(d)  Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.

(e)   Wildlife of India.

(f)  Remote sensing for sustainable development.

(g)   Environmental biodegradation, pollution, and its impact on the biosphere and its prevention.

3. Ethology:

(a)   Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.

(b)   Role of hormones in drive; the role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects.

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal, and circadian rhythms.

(d)  Methods of studying animal behavior including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship, and altruism.

4. Economic Zoology:

(a)  Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera, and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens, and prevention.

(c)   Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminths), and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).

(d)  Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).

(e)   Transgenic animals.

(f)  Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease, and genetic counseling, gene therapy.

(g)   Forensic biotechnology.

5. Biostatistics:

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution, and measure of central tendency, chi-square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

6. Instrumentation Methods:

(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultracentrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH, and chromosome painting.

(b)  Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

PAPER-II

1. Cell Biology:

(a) Structure and function of the cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements, chromosome type polytene and lampbrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.

(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings, and transport.

2. Genetics:

(a)  Modern concept of the gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code.

(b)  Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man.

(c)   Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man.

(d)  Mutations and mutagenesis.

(e) Recombinant DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenic, DNA cloning, and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).

(f)  Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(g)   Signal molecules, cell death, defects in the signaling pathway, and consequences.

(h)   RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA fingerprinting, ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics, and proteomics.

3. Evolution:

(a)  Theories of origin of life.

(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, the role of mutations in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation, and speciation.

(c)   Evolution of horse, elephant, and man using fossil data.

(d)  Hardy-Weinberg Law.

(e)   Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics:

Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy, and biodiversity.

5. Biochemistry:

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.

b) Glycolysis and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclic AMP – its structure and role.

(c)   Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis, and functions.

(d)  Enzymes types and mechanisms of action.

(e)   Vitamins and co-enzymes

(f)  Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):

(a)   Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man, factors and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo-regulation, anticoagulants.

(b)  Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

(c)   Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and intestinal glands.

(d)  Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmoregulation and excretory product.

(e)   Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.

(f)  Neuron: nerve impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters.

(g)   Vision, hearing, and olfaction in man.

(h)  Physiology of reproduction, puberty, and menopause in humans.

7. Developmental Biology:

(a)   Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, the composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis, and morphogen, blastogenesis, the establishment of body axes formation, fate map, Gastrulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick, homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.

(b)   Cell lineage, cell-to-cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, the role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis, and neoteny, cell death, aging.

(c)   Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning.

(d)  Stem cells: Sources, types, and their use in human welfare.

(e)   Biogenetic law.

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17. Mathematics

PAPER-I

(1) Linear Algebra:

Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimension; Linear transformations, rank and nullity, the matrix of a linear transformation.

Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rank of a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of a system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.

(2) Calculus:

Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or three variables: limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima, and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.

Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integrals; Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface, and volumes.

(3) Analytic Geometry:

Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second-degree equations in three variables, reduction to canonical forms, straight lines, the shortest distance between two skew lines; Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.

(4) Ordinary Differential Equations:

Formulation of differential equations; Equations of the first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of the first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution.

Second and higher-order linear equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral, and general solution.

Second-order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete solution when one solution is known using the method of variation of parameters.

Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties; Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients.

(5) Dynamics & Statics:

Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; constrained motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.

Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction; common catenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, the equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.

(6) Vector Analysis:

Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equations.

Application to geometry: Curves in space, Curvature, and torsion; Serret-Frenet’s formulae. Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green’s identities.

PAPER-II

(1) Algebra:

Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.

Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains, and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields.

(2) Real Analysis:

Real number system as an ordered field with the least upper bound property; Sequences, the limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series.

Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.

Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability, and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima, and minima.

(3) Complex Analysis:

Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, power series representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contour integration.

(4) Linear Programming:

Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution, and optimal solution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.

Transportation and assignment problems.

(5) Partial differential equations:

Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation, and their solutions.

(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer programming:

Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-Falsi, and Newton-Raphson methods; solution of a system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct), Gauss-Seidel(iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.

Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rules, Gaussian quadrature formula.

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runga Kutta-methods. Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and Hexadecimal systems; Conversion to and from decimal systems; Algebra of binary numbers.

Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms.

Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals, and long integers. Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics:

Generalized coordinates; D’ Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.

Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, the path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.

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18. Management

The candidate should make a study of the concept and development of management as science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government and business decision making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment.

PAPER-I

1. Managerial Function and Process:

Concept and Foundations of Management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions – Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on the direct and indirect value chain.

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design:

Conceptual model of organization behavior; The individual processes – personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of organization behavior – power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes – decision making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design – organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning organization; organizational change and development; Knowledge-Based Enterprise – systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations.

3. Human Resource Management:

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and benefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource management.

4. Accounting for Managers:

Financial accounting – concept, importance, and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to the analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting – concept, need, importance and scope; Cost accounting – records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration between financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting,

Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing, and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing, and absorption costing.

5. Financial Management:

Goals of finance function; Concepts of value and return; Valuation of bonds and shares; Management of working capital: Estimation and financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory, and current liabilities; Cost of capital; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy, and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing, hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in the financial sector.

6. Marketing Management:

Concept, evolution, and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of the marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behavior; Market research; Product Strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer satisfaction, Value, and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.

PAPER-II

1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision Making:

Descriptive statistics – tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chi-square and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming – problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis.

2. Production and Operations Management:

Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of facilities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply chain management – vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World-class manufacturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management.

3. Management Information System:

Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource management; Types of information systems; Systems development – Overview of systems and design; System development management life-cycle, Designing for online and distributed environments; Implementation and control of the project; Trends in information technology; Managing data resources – Organising data; DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems.

4. Government Business Interface:

State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s policy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of voluntary organizations in protecting consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government: liberalization, deregulation, and privatization; Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.

5. Strategic Management:

Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision, objectives, and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementation; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis – Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of the value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analyzing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies – expansion, integration, and diversification; Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; Chief Executive and Board; Turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers, and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context.

6. International Business:

International Business Environment: Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global e-Business; Designing global organizational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.

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19. Commerce & Accountancy

PAPER-I 

Accounting and Finance, Accounting, Taxation & Auditing

1. Financial Accounting:

Accounting as a Financial Information System; Impact of Behavioural Sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Earnings Per Share.

Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares, Employees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities.

Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts. Amalgamation, Absorption, and Reconstruction of Companies.

2. Cost Accounting:

Nature and Functions of Cost Accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control, and Decision Making.

Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing. Volume – cost – Profit Relationship as a tool for Profit Planning.

Incremental Analysis/ Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions, etc.

Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction: Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.

Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.

3. Taxation:

Income Tax: Definitions; Basis of Charge; Incomes which do not form part of Total Income. Simple problems of Computation of Income (of Individuals only) under Various Heads, i.e., Salaries, Income from House Property, Profits and Gains from Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from other sources, Income of other Persons included in Assessee’s Total Income.

Set – Off and Carry Forward of Loss.

Deductions from Gross Total Income. Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.

4. Auditing:

Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax audit. Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organizations, and Charitable Societies/Trusts/Organizations.

Financial Management, Financial Institutions, and Markets 

1. Financial Management:

Finance Function: Nature, Scope, and Objectives of Financial Management: Risk and Return Relationship. Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow, and Cash-Flow Statement.

Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures, and Appraisal Methods. Risk and Uncertainty Analysis and Methods.

Cost of capital: Concept, Computation of Specific Costs, and Weighted Average Cost of Capital. CAPM as a Tool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital.

Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure – Net Income (NI) Approach, Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach, and Traditional Approach. Designing of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT- EPS Analysis, and Other Factors.

Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm: Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.

Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working Capital. Components of Working Capital Cash, Inventory, and Receivables.

Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspects only).

2. Financial Markets and Institutions:

Indian Financial System: An Overview Money Markets: Participants, Structure, and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in the Banking sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator.

Capital Market: Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.

Financial Services: Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance, and IRDA.

PAPER-II

Organisation Theory and Behaviour, Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations Organisation Theory and Behaviour

1. Organisation Theory:

Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organizations -Technological, Social, Political, Economical and Legal; Organizational Goals – Primary and Secondary goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives.

Evolution of Organisation Theory: Classical, Neo-classical, and Systems Approach.

Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory: Organisational Design, Organisational Structure, and Organisational Culture.

Organizational Design–Basic Challenges; Differentiation and Integration Process; Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization / Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures.

Designing Organizational structures–Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions, Specialization, and Coordination.

Types of Organization Structure –Functional. Matrix Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure, and Politics. Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Design and Structure.

Managing Organizational Culture.

2. Organisation Behaviour:

Meaning and Concept; Individual in organizations: Personality, Theories, and Determinants; Perception – Meaning and Process.

Motivation: Concepts, Theories, and Applications. Leadership-Theories and Styles. Quality of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC) – Meaning and their Importance. Management of Conflicts in Organizations. Transactional Analysis, Organizational Effectiveness, Management of Change.

Human Resources Management and Industrial Relations 

1. Human Resources Management (HRM) :

Meaning, Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientation and Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers, and Separations.

2. Industrial Relations (IR):

Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Unions, Trade Union Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on the Trade Union Movement.

Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and Settlement of Disputes.

Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status, and Future Prospects. Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.

Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises, Absenteeism, and Labour Turnover in Indian Industries and their Causes and Remedies.

ILO and its Functions.

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20. Medical Science

PAPER-I

1. Human Anatomy:

Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of the shoulder, hip, and knee.

Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads, and uterus.

Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum, and inguinal region.

Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.

Embryology: Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney, uterus, ovary, testis, and their common congenital abnormalities.

Central and peripheral autonomic nervous system: Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of the brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing, and vision; Cranial nerves, distribution and clinical significance; Components of the autonomic nervous system.

2. Human Physiology:

Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness.

Endocrine system: Mechanism of action of hormones, formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, function, and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.

Physiology of reproductive system: Menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy. Blood: Development, regulation, and the fate of blood cells.

Cardio-vascular, cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions;

3. Biochemistry:

Organ function tests-liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis. Vitamins and minerals.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Radioimmunoassays (RIA).

4. Pathology:

Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary, and metastatic malignancies, Pathogenesis, and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis, and histopathology of cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.

5. Microbiology:

Humoral and cell-mediated immunity Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of –

Meningococcus, Salmonella

Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio

HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus

6. Pharmacology:

Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs

Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics, Antimalaria; Antikala-Azar, Antidiabetics

Antihypertensive,  Antidiuretics,  General  and  cardiac  vasodilators,  Antiviral,  Antiparasitic,

Antifungal,  Immunosuppressants

Anticancer

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology: 

Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains; poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA, and fingerprint study.

PAPER-II

1. General Medicine:

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and principles of management (including prevention) of – Tetanus, Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and principles of management of Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.

Bronchial asthma.

Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes, acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis, and cirrhosis of the liver.

Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukemia, Hypo, and hyperthyroid, meningitis, and encephalitis.

Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echocardiogram, CT scan, MRI. Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

2. Pediatrics:

Immunization, Baby-friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopneumonia, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and management, PEM grading, and management. ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their management.

3. Dermatology:

Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.

4. General Surgery:

Clinical features, causes, diagnosis, and principles of management of cleft palate, harelip. Laryngeal tumor, oral and esophageal tumors.

Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of the aorta. Tumors of Thyroid, Adrenal Glands.

Abscess, cancer, fibroadenoma, and adenosis of breast.

Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach. Renal mass, cancer Prostate.

Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter, and Urinary Bladder.

Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder, and Bile ducts. Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of the pancreas. Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture, and bone tumors.

Endoscopy. Laparoscopic Surgery.

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning:

Diagnosis of pregnancy.

Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal lie and difficult labor, Management of small for a date or premature newborn.

Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Post menopausal Syndrome.

Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy, and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects.

Cancer cervix.

Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain, infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid, and prolapse of uterus.

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine):

Principles, methods, approach, and measurements of Epidemiology. Nutrition, nutritional diseases / disorders & Nutrition Programmes. Health information Collection, Analysis, and Presentation.

Objectives, components, and critical analysis of National programs for control/eradication of:

Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, and Dengue Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.

Health management and administration: Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation, and Evaluation.

Objective, Component, Goals, and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission, and Millennium Development Goals.

Management of hospital and industrial waste.

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21. Law

PAPER-I

Constitutional and Administrative Law
1.  Constitution and Constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the Constitution.

2.  Fundamental rights – Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority.

3.  Relationship between fundamental rights, directive principles and fundamental duties.

4.  Constitutional position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.

5.  Governor and his powers.

6.  Supreme Court and High Courts:

(a)  Appointments and transfer.

(b)  Powers, functions and jurisdiction. 7. Centre, States and local bodies:

(a)  Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.

(b)  Local bodies.

(c)   Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.

(d)  Eminent domain – State property – common property – community property. 8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities.

9. Services under the Union and the States:

(a)  Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals.

(b)  Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions – Power and functions

(c)  Election Commission – Power and functions. 10. Emergency provisions.

11. Amendment of the Constitution.

12. Principles of natural justice – Emerging trends and judicial approach.

13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.

14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.

15. Judicial review of administrative action.

16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.

International Law

1. Nature and definition of international law.

2.  Relationship between international law and municipal law.

3.  State recognition and state succession.

4. Law of the sea: Inland waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, high seas.

5.  Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human rights and procedures available for their enforcement.

6.  Territorial jurisdiction of States, extradition and asylum.

7.  Treaties: Formation, application, termination and reservation.

8.  United Nations: Its principal organs, powers, functions and reform.

9.  Peaceful settlement of disputes – different modes.

10.  Lawful recourse to force: aggression, self-defence, intervention.

11.Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law – International conventions and contemporary developments.

12.   Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on the testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear – non-proliferation treaty, CTBT.

13.  International terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, hijacking, international criminal court.

14.  New international economic order and monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.

15.  Protection and improvement of the human environment: International efforts.

PAPER-II

1.  General principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus, men’s rea in statutory offences.
 
2.  Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment.
 
3.  Preparation and criminal attempt.
 
4.  General exceptions.
 
5.  Joint and constructive liability.
 
6.  Abetment.
 
7.  Criminal conspiracy.
 
8.  Offences against the State.
 
9.  Offences against public tranquillity.
 
10.  Offences against the human body.
 
11.  Offences against the property.
 
12.  Offences against women.
 
13.  Defamation.
 
14.  Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
 
15.  Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.
 
16.  Plea bargaining.

Law of Torts

1. Nature and definition.

2.  Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.
 
3.  Vicarious liability including State liability.

4.  General defences.
 
5.  Joint tortfeasors.
 
6.  Remedies.
 
7.  Negligence.
 
8.  Defamation.
 
9.  Nuisance.
 
10.  Conspiracy.
 
11.  False imprisonment.
 
12.  Malicious prosecution.
 
13.  Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
 
Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
 
1.  Nature and formation of contract/Econtract.
 
2.  Factors vitiating free consent.
 
3.  Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
 
4.  Performance and discharge of contracts.
 
5.  Quasi- Contracts.
 
6.  Consequences of breach of contract.
 
7.  Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.
 
8.  Contract of the agency.
 
9.  Sale of goods and hire purchase.
 
10.  Formation and dissolution of the partnership.
 
11.  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
 
12.  Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
 
13.  Standard form contracts.
 
Contemporary Legal Developments
 
1.  Public Interest Litigation.
 
2.  Intellectual property rights – Concept, types/prospects.
 
3.  Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws – Concept, purpose/prospects.
 
4.  Competition Law- Concept, purpose/prospects.
 
5.  Alternate Dispute Resolution – Concept, types/prospects.
 
6.  Major statutes concerning environmental law.
 
7.  Right to Information Act.

8. Trial by media.

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22. Geology

PAPER-I

1. General Geology:

The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior of the earth and age of the earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts; Earthquakes-causes, effects, Seismic zones of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drifts; Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics; Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:

Basic concepts of geomorphology; Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes, and drainage; Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation; Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; Hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of the Indian subcontinent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum; Orbiting satellites and sensor systems; Indian Remote Sensing Satellites; Satellites data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)
– its applications.
3.   Structural Geology: Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, Projection diagrams, Stress, and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks; Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions; Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints, and faults, unconformities; Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.
 
4.  Paleontology:

Species- definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils; Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae, and Proboscidea; Siwalik fauna; Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy:

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance; Major boundary problemsCambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary, and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past; Tectonic framework of India; Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology:

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry; Saltwater intrusion; Types of wells; Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Ground-water recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway, and bridges; Rock as a construction material; Landslides-causes, prevention, and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.

PAPER-II

1. Mineralogy:

Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; the International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography.

Physical and chemical characters of rock-forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide, and halide groups; Clay minerals.

Optical properties of common rock-forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology:

Generation and crystallization of magmas; Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite- silica systems; Bowen’s Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation; Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks; Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, Charnockite, anorthosite, and alkaline rocks; Carbonatites; Deccan volcanic province.

Types and agents of metamorphism; Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule; Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks; Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitization, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.

3. Sedimentary Petrology:

Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; diagenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography, and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance; Sedimentary structures and their significance; Heavy minerals and their significance; Sedimentary basins of India.

4. Economic Geology:

Ore, ore minerals and gangue, the tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits; Process of formation of minerals deposits; Controls of ore localization; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminum, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead-zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India; National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources; Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.

5. Mining Geology:

Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling; Estimation of reserves or ore; Methods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones; Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology:

Cosmic abundance of elements; Composition of the planets and meteorites; Structure and composition of Earth and distribution of elements; Trace elements; Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number; Isomorphism and polymorphism; Elementary thermodynamics.

Natural hazards-floods, mass wasting, coastal hazards, earthquakes, and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly ash; Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution; Environment protection legislative measures in India; Sea-level changes: causes and impact.

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23. Mechanical Engineering

PAPER-I

1. Mechanics:

1.1 Mechanics of rigid bodies:

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 Mechanics of deformable bodies:

Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress, and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains – analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses – thin-walled pressure vessel; material behavior and design factors for the dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of the beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure.

2. Engineering Materials:

Basic concepts on structure of solids; common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metals- plastics, ceramics, composite materials, and nano-materials.

3. Theory of Machines:

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and epicyclic gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicylinder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds, and whirling of shafts.

4. Manufacturing Science:

4.1 Manufacturing Process:

Machine tool engineering – Merchant’s force analysis; Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures.

Non-conventional machining – EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining, etc; application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations.

Forming and welding processes- standard processes.

Metrology – the concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators; inspection of length; position; profile and surface finish.

4.2. Manufacturing Management:

System design: factory location- simple OR models; plant layout – methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection, and capacity planning; predetermined time standards.

System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and balancing of multi-model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management – probabilistic inventory models for order time and order quantity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.

System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control – applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations, and risks in projects.

System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile organizations.

PAPER-II

1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics and Turbine:

1.1   Basic concept of First – law and second law of Thermodynamics; the concept of entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility.

1.2   Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one-dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in the duct with frictions that transfer.

1.3  Flow through fans, blowers, and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work is done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators.

2. Heat Transfer:

2.1  Conduction heat transfer- general conduction equation – Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction applied to the simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder & spheres.

2.2   Convection heat transfer- Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during the laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transferReynolds, Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates.

2.3    Black body radiation – basic radiation laws such as Stefan-Boltzman, Planck distribution, Wein’s displacement, etc.

2.4  Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.

3. I .C. Engines:

3.1    Classification, thermodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas, and diesel engines.

3.2   Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of the combustion chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission.

3.3  Different systems of IC engines- fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in IC engines.

4. Steam Engineering:

4.1    Steam generation- modified Rankine cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers; steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines – principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust.

4.2   Steam nozzles- the flow of steam in the convergent and divergent nozzle; pressure at throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, the effect of variation of back pressure; the supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line.

4.3  Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.

4.4  Steam power plants – combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.

5. Refrigeration and air-conditioning:

5.1    Vapour compression refrigeration cycle – cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; eco-friendly refrigerants – R134a,123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapor absorption systems.

5.2     Psychrometry – properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple duct design.

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24. Electrical Engineering

PAPER-I

1. Circuit Theory:

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems:

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory:

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection, and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: traveling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics:

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET, and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback, and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits.

Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics:

Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters, and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multi-vibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion:

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives:

Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of DC and AC Motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication:

Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; a signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC, and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

PAPER-II

1. Control Systems:

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems: time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bodeplots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.

2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers:

PC organization; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation:

Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance, and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum- analyzer, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control:

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5. Power System Protection:

Principles of overcurrent, differential, and distance protection. Concept of solid-state relays. Circuit breakers. Computer-aided protection: Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

6. Digital Communication:

Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase, and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding: error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure
and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

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25. Civil Engineering

PAPER-I

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, and Structural Analysis:

1.1 Engineering Mechanics:

Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of the particle, and rigid body. Concurrent, Non-Concurrent, and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.

First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia. Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:

Kinematics in Cartesian coordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle: Momentum and Energy principles, the collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.

1.2 Strength of Materials:

Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, the theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength.

Deflection of beams: Macaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler’s Rankine’s, and Secant formulae.

1.3 Structural Analysis:

Castiglioni’s theorems I and II, unit load method of consistent deformation applied to beams, and pin jointed trusses. Slope deflection, moment distribution, Rolling loads, and Influences lines: Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.

Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects.

Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

Plastic Analysis of beams and frames: Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.

Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.

2. Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures:

2.1 Structural Steel Design:

Structural Steel: Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression member, beams of the built-up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stanchions with battens, and lacings.

2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures:

Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete: Working Stress and Limit State method of design– Recommendations of I.S. codes Design of one-way and two-way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T, and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, Cantilever, and Counter fort type retaining walls. Water tanks: Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.

Prestressed concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis, and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress.

Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines:

3.1 Fluid Mechanics:

Fluid properties and their role in a fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curved surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and accelerations, streamlines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential, and stream functions.

Continuity, momentum and energy equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.

3.2  Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:
 
Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters.
 
3.3  Laminar Flow:

The laminar flow between parallel, stationary, and moving plates, flow through the tube.

3.4 Boundary layer:

Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub layer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.

Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution, and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line, and total energy line.

3.5 Open channel flow:

Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation.

3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower:

Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.

Principles of hydropower development.

4. Geotechnical Engineering:

Soil Type and structure – gradation and particle size distribution – consistency limits. Water in soil – capillary and structural – effective stress and pore water pressure – permeability concept – field and laboratory determination of permeability – Seepage pressure – quicksand conditions – Shear strength determination – Mohr Coulomb concept.

Compaction of soil – Laboratory and field tests.

Compressibility and consolidation concept – consolidation theory – consolidation settlement analysis. Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles, and Braced excavation.
Bearing capacity of soil – approaches for analysis – Field tests – settlement analysis – stability of slope of earth walk.

Subsurface exploration of soils – methods Foundation – Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures
– Design criteria for foundation – Analysis of the distribution of stress for footings and pile – pile group action-pile load test.

Ground improvement techniques.

PAPER-II

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management:

1.1 Construction Technology: Engineering Materials:

Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction – Stones, Bricks, and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete.

Specific use of Ferro cement, fiber-reinforced C.C, High strength concrete. Timber, properties and defects – common preservation treatments.

Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low-Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise Buildings.

1.2 Construction:

Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks – construction detailing, and strength characteristics. Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing, and construction features.
Common repairs in buildings.

Principles of functional planning of building for residents and specific use – Building code provisions.

Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating – specification writing and rate analysis – principles of valuation of real property.

Machinery for earthwork, concreting, and their specific uses – Factors affecting selection of equipment – operating cost of Equipment.

1.3 Construction Planning and Management:

Construction activity – schedules- the organization for the construction industry – Quality assurance principles.

Use of Basic principles of network – analysis in form of CPM and PERT – their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization, and resource allocation.

Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.

Project profitability – Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning – simple toll fixation criteria.

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering :

2.1 Surveying:

Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work – their use in plane table, traverse survey, leveling work, triangulation, contouring, and topographical map.

Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

2.2 Railway Engineering:

Permanent way – components, types, and their functions – Functions, and Design constituents of turn and crossings – Necessity of geometric design of track – Design of station and yards.

2.3 Highway Engineering:

Principles of Highway alignments – classification and geometrical design elements and standards for Roads. Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements – Design principles and methodology of pavements.
Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works, and CC roads.

Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads – culvert structures. Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.
Traffic surveys and their applications in traffic planning – Typical design features for channelized, intersection, rotary, etc – signal designs – standard Traffic signs and markings.

3. Hydrology, Water Resources, and Engineering:

3.1 Hydrology:

Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingum method.

3.2 Groundwater flow:

Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions.

3.3 Water Resources Engineering:

Ground and surface water resource, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

3.4 Irrigation Engineering:

(i)   Water requirements of crops: consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods, and their efficiencies.

(ii)    Canals: Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributary canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bedload.

(iii)   Water logging: causes and control, salinity.

(iv)   Canal structures: Design of, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes, and canal outlets.

(v)  Diversion headwork: Principles and design of weirs of permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.

(vi)   Storage works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity, stability analysis.

(vii)   Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation.

(viii)River training: Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

4. Environmental Engineering:

4.1 Water Supply:

Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical, and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.

4.2 Intake of water:

Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation; slow-; rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odor, and salinity.

4.3 Sewerage systems:

Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage–separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers.

4.4 Sewage characterization:

BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal watercourse and on land.

4.5 Sewage treatment:

Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of wastewater.

4.6 Solid waste:

Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill effects.

5. Environmental pollution:

Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts.

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26. Literature (any one of the following languages):

Assamese

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Assamese)
Section-A Language
(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese language-its position among the Indo-Aryan Languages – periods in its history.
(b) Developments of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese languages-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary-and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language-conjugation-enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.
(f) Dialectical divergences-the standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particulars.
(g) Assamese scripts-its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.
Section-B Literary Criticism and Literary History
(a) Principles of Literary criticism up to New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.
(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageets with their socio-cultural background: the proto Assamese-Pre-Sankaradeva – Sankaradeva-post Sankaradeva – Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)-Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki, and the post-Independence period.

PAPER-II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.
[Answers must be written in Assamese]
Section-A
Rãmãyana (Ayodhya Kãnda only) – by Madhava Kandali.
Pãrijãt-Harana – by Sankaradeva.
Rãsakrïdã – by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa).
Bargeet – by Madhavadeva
Rãjasûya – by Madhavadeva.
Kãthã-Bhãgavata (Books I and II) – by Baikunthanath Bhattacharyya.
Gurucarit-Kathã (Sankaradeva’s – ed. by Maheswar Neog
Part only)
Section-B
Mor Jeevan Soñwaran – by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Kripãbar Barbaruãr Kãkatar Topola – by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Pratimã – by Chandra Kumar Agarwalla.
Gãoñburhã – by Padmanath Gohain Barua.
Monamatî – by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.
Purani Asamîyã Sãhitya – by Banikanta Kakati.
Kãrengar Ligirî – by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla
Jeevanar Bãtat – by Bina Barwa (Birinchi Kumar Barua)
Mrityunjoy – by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya
Samrãt – by Navakanta Barua.
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Bengali

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Assamese)
Section-A Language
(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese language-its position among the Indo-Aryan Languages – periods in its history.
(b) Developments of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese languages-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary-and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language-conjugation-enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.
(f) Dialectical divergences-the standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particulars.
(g) Assamese scripts-its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.
Section-B Literary Criticism and Literary History
(a) Principles of Literary criticism up to New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.
(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageets with their socio-cultural background: the proto Assamese-Pre-Sankaradeva – Sankaradeva-post Sankaradeva – Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)-Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki, and the post-Independence period.

PAPER-II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.
[Answers must be written in Assamese]
Section-A
Rãmãyana (Ayodhya Kãnda only) – by Madhava Kandali.
Pãrijãt-Harana – by Sankaradeva.
Rãsakrïdã – by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa).
Bargeet – by Madhavadeva
Rãjasûya – by Madhavadeva.
Kãthã-Bhãgavata (Books I and II) – by Baikunthanath Bhattacharyya.
Gurucarit-Kathã (Sankaradeva’s – ed. by Maheswar Neog
Part only)
Section-B
Mor Jeevan Soñwaran – by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Kripãbar Barbaruãr Kãkatar Topola – by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Pratimã – by Chandra Kumar Agarwalla.
Gãoñburhã – by Padmanath Gohain Barua.
Monamatî – by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.
Purani Asamîyã Sãhitya – by Banikanta Kakati.
Kãrengar Ligirî – by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla
Jeevanar Bãtat – by Bina Barwa (Birinchi Kumar Barua)
Mrityunjoy – by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya
Samrãt – by Navakanta Barua.
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Bodo

PAPER-I

History of Bodo Language and Literature

(Answers must be written in Bodo)

Section-A

History of Bodo Language

1. Homeland, language family, its present status, and its mutual contact with Assamese.

2. (a) Phonemes: Vowel and Consonant Phonemes
(b) Tones.

3. Morphology: Gender, Case & Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix.

4. Vocabulary and its sources.

5. Syntax: Types of sentences, Word Order.

6. History of Scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception.

Section-B

History of Bodo Literature

1. General introduction of Bodo folk literature.

2. Contribution of the Missionaries.

3. Periodization of Bodo Literature.

4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story, and Drama)

5. Translation Literature.

Paper-II

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates.

(Answers must be written in Bodo)

Section-A
(a) Khonthai-Methai (Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma).

(b) Hathorkhi-Hala (Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)

(c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz: Madaram Brahma.

(d) Raja Nilambar: Dwarendra Nath Basumatary.

(e) Bibar (Prose section) (Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary)

Section-B

(a) Gibi Bithai (Aida Nwi): Bihuram Boro

(b) Radab: Samar Brahma Chaudhury

(c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou: Brajendra Kumar Brahma

(d) Baisagu Arw Harimu: Laksheswar Brahma.

(e) Gwdan Boro: Manoranjan Lahary

(f) Jujaini Or: Chittaranjan Muchahary

(g) Mwihoor: Dharanidhar Wary

(h) Hor Badi Khwmsi: Kamal Kumar Brahma

(i) Jaolia Dewan: Mangal Singh Hozowary

(j) Hagra Guduni Mwi: Nilkamal Brahma.

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Dogri

PAPER-I 

History of Dogri Language and Literature

(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section-A

History of Dogri Language

1. Dogri language : Origin and development through different stages.

2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.

3. Characteristic features of Dogri language.

4. Structure of Dogri Language :

(a) Sound Structure : Segmental : Vowels and Consonants Non-Segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Juncture.

(b) Morphology of Dogri :

(i) Inflection Categories : Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.

(ii) Word Formation : use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes.

(iii) Vocabulary : Tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.

(c) Sentence Structure: Major Sentence – types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax.
5. Dogri Language and Scripts : Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persian.

Section-B

History of Dogri Literature :

1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature : Poetry & Prose.

2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.

3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends & prominent short-story writers.

4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends & contribution of Dogri Novelists.

5. Development of Dogri Drama & contribution of prominent Playwrights.

6. Development of Dogri Prose : Essays, Memoirs & Travelogues.

7. An introduction to Dogri Folk literature – Folk songs, Folk tales & Ballads.

Paper-II

Textual Cristisim of Dogri Literature

(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section-A

Poetry

1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita. The following poets :
Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast.

2. Modern Dogri Poetry

Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita The following poets : Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi.

3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank. The following poets : Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar.

4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank. The following poets : R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi.

5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (upto Ayodhya Kand)

6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant.

Section-B

Prose

1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani

The following short story writers :

Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuria and B.P. Sathe.

2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II

The following Short Story writters :

Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chhattrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar.

3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II

The following Story writters :

Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma

4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma

5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan

6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi.

7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh.

8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays) The following pay wrights :
Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma.

9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh

The following authors :

Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi.

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Gujarati

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Gujarati)

Section-A Gujarati Language

Form and history:

1. History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years.

2. Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology, and syntax.

3. Major dialects: Surti, Pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.

History of Gujarati Literature Medieval :

4. Jaina tradition

5. Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)

6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)

Modern:

7. Sudharak yug

8. Pandit yug

9. Gandhi yug

10. Anu-Gandhi yug

11. Adhunik yug

Section-B

Literary Forms : (Salient features, history, and development of the following literary forms):

(a) Medieval

1. Narratives: Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta

2. Lyrical: Pada

(b) Folk

3. Bhavai

(c) Modern

4. Fiction: Novel and short story

5. Drama

6. Literary Essay

7. Lyrical Poetry

(d) Criticism

8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism

9. Recent research in the folk tradition.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Gujarati)

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A

1. Medieval

(i) Vasantvilas phagu-AJNATKRUT

(ii) Kadambari-BHALAN

(iii) Sudamacharitra-PREMANAND

(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta-SHAMAL

(v) Akhegeeta-AKHO

2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug

(vi) Mari Hakikat-NARMADASHANKAR DAVE

(vii) Farbasveerah- DALPATRAM

(viii)Saraswatichandra-Part-I GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI

(ix) Purvalap- ‘KANT’ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT)

(x) Raino Parvat-RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH

Section-B

1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug

(i) Hind Swaraj-MOHANDAS KARMACHAND GANDHI

(ii) Patanni Prabhuta- KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI

(iii) Kavyani Shakti- RAMNARAYAN VISH-WANATH PATHAK

(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar Part 1- ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI

(v) Manvini Bhavai-PANNALAL PATEL

(vi) Dhvani-RAJENDRA SHAH

2. Adhunik yug

(vii) Saptapadi-UMASHANKAR JOSHI (viii)Janantike- SURESH JOSHI
(ix) Ashwatthama- SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA

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Hindi

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Hindi)

Section-A
1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.

II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during the medieval period.

III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitya, Rahim, etc., and Dakhni Hindi.

IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.

V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.

VI. Development of Hindi as national Language during the freedom movement. VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India. VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.

IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.

X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi. XI. The grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B

2. History of Hindi Literature.

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of the history of Hindi Literature.

A. Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.

Prominent poets – Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B. Bhaktikal – Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Prominent Poets – Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C. Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.

Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar, and Ghananand.

D. Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers: Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry, and Janvadi Kavita.

Prominent Poets: Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & Realism

B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.

C. Prominent Novelists: Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu, and Bhism Sahani.

D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.

E. Prominent short Story Writers: Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B. Prominent Dramatists: Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.

C. The development of Hindi Theatre.

V. Criticism

A. The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi
& Nai Alochana.

B. Prominent critics: Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatravrittant.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Hindi)

This paper will require first-hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)

2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)

3. Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).

4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)

5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)

6. Maithili : Bharat Bharati Sharan Gupta

7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)

8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).

9. Dinkar : Kurushetra 10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)

11. Muktiboth: Brahma Rakshas

12. Nagarjun: Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B

1. Bharatendu: Bharat Durdasha

2. Mohan Rakesh: Ashad Ka Ek Din

3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra: Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand: Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha – Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai.

6. Prasad: Skandgupta

7. Yashpal: Divya

8. Phaniswar Nath Renu: Maila Anchal

9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav: Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

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Kannada

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Kannada)

Section-A

A. History of Kannada Language

What is Language? General charecteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features, Antiquity of Kannada Language, Different Phases of its Development.

Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social Various aspects of development of Kannada Language : phonological and Semantic changes.

Language borrowing.

B. History of Kannada Literature

Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra.
Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Vachana literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi. Medieval Poets : Harihara, Ragha-vanka, Kumar-Vyasa. Dasa literature : Purandra and Kanaka.
Sangataya : Ratnakaravarni

C. Modern Kannada literature :

Influence, trends and idealogies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya.

Section-B

A. Poetics and literary criticism :

Definition and concepts of poetry : Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya. Interpretations of Rasa Sutra.
Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.

B. Cultural History of Karnataka

Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka : Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context.

Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contributions.

Arts of Karnataka : Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance-in the literary context. Unification of Karnataka and its impact on Kannada literature.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Kannada)

The paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

A. OLD KANNADA LITERATURE

1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.)

2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)

B. MEDIEVAL KANNADA LITERATURE :

1. Vachana Kammata, Ed: K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.)

2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore)

3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta.Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore)

4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University)

5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed. Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University)

Section-B

A. MODERN KANNADA LITERATURE

1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed : G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bangalore)

2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva-Shivarama Karanta Madhavi-Arupama Niranjana Odalaala-Devanuru Mahadeva 3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi).
4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi-Kuvempu. Tughlak-Girish Karnad.

5. Vichara Saahitya : Devaru-A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub : D.V.K. Moorty, Mysore.)

B. FOLK LITERATURE :

1. Janapada Swaroopa-Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.)

2. Janapada Geetaanjali-Ed.D. Javare Gowda. (Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi.)

3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu-Ed. J.S. Paramashivaiah, (Mysore University.)

4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University.)

5. Savirada Ogatugalu-Ed : S.G. Imrapura.

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Kashmiri

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Kashmiri)

Section-A

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.

2. Areas of occurrence and dialects (geographical/social)

3. Phonology and grammar:

i. Vowel and consonant system;

ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;

iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.

4. Syntactic structure:

i. Simple, active and declarative statments;

ii. Coordination;

iii. Relativisation.

Section-B

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lal Dyad and Sheikhul Alam)

2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres: vatsun; ghazal; and mathnavi).

3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences).

4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special refernece to the development of the short story, drama, novel and nazm).

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Kashmiri)

Section-A

1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry upto the nineteenth century: i) Lal Dyad

ii) Sheikhul Aalam

iii) Habba Khatoon

2. Kashmiri poetry: 19th Century i) Mahmood Gami (Vatsans)

ii) Maqbool Shah (Gulrez) iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals) iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at)

v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun)

vi) Sufi Poets (Text in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)

3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Shairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)

4. Literary criticism and research work: development and various trends.

Section-B

1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.

i) Afsana Majmu’a, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.

ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi

iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi. The following short story writers only:
Akhtar Mohi-ud-Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.

2. Novel in Kashmiri:

i) Mujrim by G.N. Gowhar

ii) Marun-Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Iiyich (Published by Kashmiri Deptt).

3. Drama in Kashmiri

i) Natuk Kariv Band, by Hari Krishan Kaul

ii) Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu published by Sahitya Akademi.

iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by Sahitya Akademi.

4. Kashmiri Folk Literature:
i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat, published by Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
ii) Kashiry Luki Beeth (all volumes) published by the J & K Cultural Academy.

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Konkani

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Konkani)

Section-A

History of the Konkani Language :

(i) Origin and development of the language and influences on it.

(ii) Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.

(iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices.

(iv) Old Standard Konkani, new Standard and standardisation problems.

Section-B:

History of Konkani literature:

Candidates would be expected to be wellacquainted with Konkani literature and its social and cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.

(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements.

(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.

(iii) Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature from the earliest to modern times.

(iv) Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Konkani) Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature

The paper will be designed to test the canidate’s critical and analytical abilities. Candidates would be expected to be wellacquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have a first-hand reading of the following texts:

Section-A

Prose

1. a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof. Olivinho Gomes.

b) Old Konkani language and literature-the Portuguese Role.

2. a) Otmo Denvcharak-a novel by A.V. da Cruz.

b) Vadoll ani Varem-A novel by Antonio Pereira.

c) Devache Kurpen-a novel by V J P Saldanha.

3. a) Vajralikhani-Shenoy Goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar

b) Konkani Lalit Niband-Essays-ed. By Shyam Verenkar

c) Teen Dasakam-An lAnthology-ed. by Chandrakant Keni.

4. a) Demand-Drama-by Pundalik Naik

b) Kadambini- A miscellany of modern Prose-ed. by Prof. OJF Gomes & Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar.

c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo-by Smt. Jayanti Naik.

Section-B

Poetry

1. a) Ev ani Mori: Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.

b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan-by Luis Mascarenhas.

2. a) Godde Ramayan-ed.by R.K. Rao

b) Ratnahar I &II-collection of poems ed. R.V. Pandit.

3. a) Zayo Zuyo-poems-Manohar L. Sardessai.

b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi-Anthology of Poems-ed. Pratap Naik.

4. a) Adrushatache Kalle-Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.

b) Yaman-Poems by Madhav Borkar

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Maithili

PAPER-I

History of Maithili Language and its Literature (Answer to be written in Maithili)

PART-A

History of Maithili Language

1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European language family.

2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)

3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era)

4. Maithili and its different dialects.

5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Assamese, Oriya).

6. Origin and development of Tirhuta Script.

7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language.

PART-B

History of Maithili Literature

1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, economic, social, cultural).

2. Periodic division of Maithili literature.

3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature.

4. Vidyapati and his tradition.

5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankai Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal).

6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs).

7. Development of different literary forms in modern era.

(a) Prabandh-kavya

(b) Muktak-kavya

(c) Novel

(d) Short Story

(e) Drama

(f) Essay

(g) Criticism

(h) Memoirs

(i) Translation

8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Maithili)

The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

PART-A

1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati-Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics- 1 to 50)

2. Govind Das Bhajanavali-Publisher : Maithili Academy, Patna (Lyrics – 1 to 25).

3. Krishnajanm – Manbodh

4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana – Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand)

5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan – Lal Das (only Bal-kand)

6. Keechak-Vadh-Tantra Nath Jha.

7. Datta-Vati-Surendra Jha ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos).

8. Chitra-Yatri

9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita – Publisher : Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi.

PART-B

10. Varna Ratnakar – Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol)

11. Khattar Kakak Tarang – Hari Mohan Jha.

12. Lorik-Vijaya-Manipadma

13. Prithvi Putra-Lalit

14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi-Sudhanshu ‘Shekar’ Choudhary.

15. Kirti Rajkamlak-Publisher : Maithili Academy, Patna (First Ten Stories only).

16. Katha-Sangrah-Publisher : Maithili Academy, Patna.

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Malayalam

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Malayalam)

Section-A

Unit 1-Early phase of Malayalam Language:

1.1  Various theories: origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.

1.2  Relation between Tamil and Malayalam: Six nayas of A.R. Rajarajavarma.

1.3  Pattu school-definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works-Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

Unit 2-Linguistic features of :

2.1   Manipravalam-definition. Language of early manipravala works-Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later Manipravala works-medieval Champu and Attakkatha.

2.2  Folklore-Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.

2.3      Early Malayalam prose-Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.

Unit 3-Standardisation of Malayalam:

3.1  Peculairities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.

3.2  Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.

3.3  Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam : Malayalam as administravie language. Language of scientific and technical literature-media language.

Section-B

Literary History

Unit-4 Ancient and Medieval Literature:

4.1  Pattu-Ramacharitam, Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

4.2  Manipravalam-early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.

4.3  Folk literature.

4.4  Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.

Unit 5- Modern Literature-Poerty:

5.1  Venmani poets and contemporaries.

5.2  The advent of Romanticism-Poerty of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol

5.3  Poetry after Kavitraya.

5.4  Modernism in Malayalam poetry.

Unit 6- Modern Literature-Prose:

6.1  Drama

6.2  Novel

6.3  Short story

6.4  Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Malayalam)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and is designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section-A

Unit 1

1.1  Ramacharitam-Patalam 1.

1.2  Kannassaramayanam-Balakandam first 25 stanzas.

1.3  Unnunilisandesam-Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana

1.4  Mahabharatham Kilippattu-Bhishmaparvam.

Unit 2

2.1  Kumaran Asan-Chintavisthayaya Sita.

2.2  Vailoppilli-Kutiyozhikkal.

2.3  G. Sankara Kurup-Perunthachan.

2.4  N.V. Krishna Variar-Tivandiyile Pattu.

Unit 3

3.1  ONV -Bhumikkoru Charamagitam

3.2  Ayyappa Panicker-Kurukshetram.

3.3  Akkittam-Pandatha Messanthi

3.4  Attur Ravivarma-Megharupan.

Section-B

Unit 4

4.1  O. Chanthu Menon-Indulekha

4.2  Thakazhy-Chemmin.

4.3  O V Vijayan-Khasakkinte Ithihasam.

Unit 5

5.1  MT Vasudevan Nair-Vanaprastham (Collection).

5.2  N S Madhavan-Higvitta (Collection).

5.3  C J. Thomas-1128-il Crime 27.

Unit 6

6.1  Kuttikrishna Marar-Bharataparyatanam

6.2  M. K Sanu-Nakshatrangalute snehabhajanam

6.3  V.T. Bhattathirippad-Kannirum Kinavum.

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Manipuri

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Manipuri)

Section-A
Language :

a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status among the TibetoBurman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script.

b) Significant features of Manipuri language :

i) Phonology-Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types.

ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi).

iii) Syntax : Word order : types of sentences, pharse and clause structures.

Section-B

a) Literary History of Manipuri :

Early period (upto 17th century)-Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of the works.

Medieval period (18th and 19th century)Social, religious and political background; Themes, diction and style of the works.

Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style.

b) Manipuri Folk Literature :

Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle.

c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture :

Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism.

Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras; Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang.

PAPER II

(Answers must be written in Manipuri)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability to assess them.

Section-A

Old and Medieval Manipuri Literature

(a) Old Manipuri Literature

1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa

2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran

3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba

4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul

(b) Medieval Manipuri Literature :

1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Samsok Ngamba

2. R.K.Snahal Singh (Ed.) : Ramayana Adi Kanda

3. N. Khelchandra SIngh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba

4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Chandrakirti Jila Changba

Section-B

Modern Manipuri Literature :

(a) Poetry and Epic :

(I) Poetry :

  • (a)Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1988 (ed.) Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi Thadoi, Lamgi Chekla Amada, Loktak
    • Dr. L. Kamal Singh: Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani
    • A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlakkhoda
    • L. Samarendra Singh : Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, Lamangnaba
      Shri Biren : Tangkhul Hui Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba
  • (b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (ed.)
    • Dr. L. Kamal Singh: Biswa-Prem
    • Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen
    • Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi

(II) Epic :

1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng (SanSenba, Lei Langba, Shamu Khonggi Bichar)

(III) Drama :

1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup

2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass

3. A. Samarendra : Judge Sahebki Imung

(b) Novel, Short-story and Prose :

(I) Novel :

1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Jahera

3. H. Guno Singh : Laman

4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, Magi Ishing, Nungsitki Phibam

(II) Short-story :

(a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997 (ed.) R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala
M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba Heitup Lalu Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng
(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad 1994 (ed.) S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa
R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi

(c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (ed.) N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba
E. Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang

(III) Prose :

(a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (ed.) Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi Wari Amasung Mahakavya

(b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (ed.) B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba
Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba

(c) Apunba Wareng. (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (ed.) Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung, Sanskriti
M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida

Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu)

(d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1999 (ed.)

S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan

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Marathi

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Marathi)

Section-A

Language and Folk-Iore :

(a) Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi)

Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.

Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.

(b) Dialects of Marathi

Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi

(c) Marathi Grammar

Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice)

(d)Nature and kinds of Folk-lore (with special reference to Marathi) Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya

Section-B

History of Literature and Literary Criticism:

(a) History of Marathi Literature

1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar literature.

2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit Gramin, Feminist.

(b) Literary Criticism

1. Nature and function of Literature;

2. Evaluation of Literature;

3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;

4. Literature, Culture and Society.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Marathi)

Textual study of prescribed literary works

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section-A

Prose

(1) ‘Smritishala’

(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule “Shetkaryacha Asud; ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’

(3) S.V. Ketkar ‘Brahmankanya;

(4) P.K. Atre ‘Sashtang Namaskar’

(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh ‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’

(6) Uddhav Shelke ‘Shilan’

(7) Baburao Bagul ‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’

(8) Gouri Deshpande ‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’

(9) P.I. Sonkamble ‘Athavaninche Pakshi’

Section-B

Poetry

(1) Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar Modern Book Depot, Pune

(2) ‘Painjan’ Ed : M.N. Adwant Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur

(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’ By Raghunath Pandit

(4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ By Balkavi

(5) ‘Vishakha’ By Kusumagraj

(6) ‘Mridgandh’ By Vinda Karandikar

(7) ‘Jahirnama’ By Narayan Surve

(8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ By Grace

(9) ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ By Namdev Dhasal

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Nepali

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

Section-A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new IndoAryan Languages

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology:

(i) Nominal forms and categories : Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives,Pronouns, Avyayas

(ii) Verbal forms and categoriesTense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes

(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;

3. Major Dialects of Nepali

4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in IndiaIts history and development with special reference to its socio-cultural aspects.

Section-B

1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.

2. Fundamental concepts and theories of literature :

Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.

3. Major literary trends and movementsSwachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement, Contemporary Nepali writings, Postmodernism.

4. Nepali folklores (the following folkform only)- Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Nepali)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the candidate’s critical acumen.

Section-A

1. Santa Jnandil Das-Udaya Lahari

2. Lekhnath Poudyal-Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)

3. Agam Singh Giri-Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani (The following poems only – rasawako Chichy-ahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar).

4. Haribhakta Katuwal-Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only – Jeevan : Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Many-ata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).

5. Balkrishna Sama – Prahlad

6. Manbahadur Mukhia – Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following OneAct plays only – ‘Andhyaroma Banchneharu’, ‘Suskera’).

Section-B

1. Indra Sundas-Sahara

2. Lilbahadur Chhetri-Brahmaputrako Chheuchhau

3. Rupnarayan Sinha-Katha Navaratna (The following stories only-Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema-Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).

4. Indrabahadur Rai-Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only-Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra

Lekha-pani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutyaiyo).

5. Sanu Lama-Katha Sampad (The following stories only-Swasni Manchhey, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).

6. Laxmi Prasad Devkota-Laxmi Nibandha Sangraha (The following essays only-Sri Ganeshaya Namah, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman Ki Guru).

7. Ramkrishna Sharma-Das Gorkha (The following essays only-Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati).

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Oriya

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Oriya)

Section-A

History of Oriya Language

(1) Origin and development of Oriya Language-Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso-Arabic and English on Oriya Language.

(2) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Oriya sounds.

(3) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.

(4) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their transformation, structure of sentences.

(5) Semantics-Different types of change in meaning Euphemism.

(6) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.

(7) Regional variations in Oriya Language (Western, Southern and Northern Oriya) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia).

Section-B

History of Oriya Literature

(1) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Oriya Literature of different periods.

(2) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.

(3) Typical structural forms of Oriya Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).

(4) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel, essay and literary criticism.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Oriya)

Critical Study of texts –

The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A

Poetry :

(Ancient)

1. Sãralã Das-Shanti Parva from Mãhãbharãta.

2. Jaganãth Das-Bhãgãbate, XI Skandha-Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda.

(Medieval)

3. Dinãkrushna Dãs-Rasakallola-(Chhãndas-16 & 34)

4. Upendra Bhanja-Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas-1 & 2)

(Modern)

5. Rãdhãnãth Rãy-Chandrabhãgã

6. Mãyãdhãr Mãnasinha-Jeevan Chitã

7. Satchidãnanda Routray-Kabitã-1962

8. Ramãkãnta Ratha-Saptama Ritu.

Section-B

Drama :

9. Manoranjan Dãs-Kãtha-Ghodã

10. Bijay Mishra-Tata Niranjanã

Novel :

11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati-Chhamãna Ãthaguntha

12. Gopinãth Mohanty-Dãnãpãni

Short Story :

13. Surendra Mohãnty-Marãlãra Mrityu

14. Manoj Dãs-Laxmira Abhisara

Essay :

15. Chittaranjan Dãs-Taranga O Tadit (First five essays).

16. Chandra Sekhar Rath-Mun Satyadhãrma Kahuchhi (First five essays)

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Punjabi

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script)

Section-A

(a) Origin of Punjabi language : different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi language : characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones : classification of vowels and consonants.

(b) Punjabi morphology : the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post positions: Punjabi word formation: Tatsam. Tad Bhav, forms: Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi: Noun and verb phrases.

(c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect; major dialects of Punjabi; Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones. Language and script; origin and development of Gurmukhi; suitability of Gurmukhi for Punjabi.

(d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit

Medieval literature : Gurmat, Sufti, Kissa and Var Janamsakhis.

Section-B

(a) Modern Trends – Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J.S. Neki).

Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal) Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar)
Origin and Development of Genres :

(b) Folk literature – Folk songs, Folk tales. Riddles, Proverbs.
Epic – (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh, Azad Mohan Singh)
Lyric – (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar,
Harbhajan Singh)
(c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S.Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu)
Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial Singh,
Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan)
Short Story (Sujan Singh, K.S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).

(d) Socio – cultural Literary influences – Sanskrit, Persian and Western. Essay – (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh)
Literary Criticism – (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script)

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section-A

a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as included in the Adi Granth.

b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji Baramah, Asa di Var

c) Bulleh Shah Kafian

d) Waris Shah Heer

Section-B

a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (JangSinghan te Firangian)

Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari (Poet), Sufi Khana, Nawan Jahan

b) Nanak Singh (Novelist) Chitta Lahu, Pavittar Papi, Ek Mian Do Talwaran

c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras, Nawan Shivala, Merian Abhul Yadaan.
(Essayist)

Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama
(Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama

d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt
(Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg
Sultan Razia

Sant Singh Sahityarth Sekhon
(Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi
Punjabi Kav Shiromani

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Sanskrit

PAPER-I

There will be three questions as indicated in the question paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. The remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section-A

1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit).

2. (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language.

(b) Prominent features of classical Sanskrit language.

(c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies.

3. General Knowledge of:-

(a) Literary history of Sanskit,

(b) Principal trends of literary criticism

(c) Ramayana,

(d) Mahabharata

(e) The origin and development of literary geners of Mahakavya Rupaka (drama)
Katha Akhyayika Campu Khandakavya Muktaka Kavya.

Section-B

4. Essentials of Indian Culture with stress on

a) Purusarthas, b) Samskaras, c) Varnasramavyavastha, d) Arts and fine arts, e) Technical sciences

5. Trends of Indian Philosophy

a) Mimansa, b) Vedanta, c) Nyaya, d) Vaisesika, e) Sankhya, f) Yoga, g) Bauddha, h) Jaina, i)Carvaka

6. Short Essay in Sanskrit

7. Unseen passage with the questions, to be answered in Sanskrit.

PAPER-II

Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit only. Question from Groups 1, 2 and 3 are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate.

Section-A

General study of the following groups:

Group 1

a) Raghuvamsam-Kalidasa

b) Kumarasambhavam-Kalidasa

c) Kiratarjuniyam-Bharavi

d) Sisupalavadham-Magha

e) Naisadhiyacaritam-Sriharsa

f) Kadambari-Banabhatta

g) Dasakumaracaritam -Dandin

h) Sivarajyodayam-S.B. Varnekar

Group 2

a) Isavasyopanisad

b) Bhagavadgita

c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s Ramayana

d) Arthasastra of Kautilya

Group 3

a) Svapnavasavadattam- Bhasa

b) Abhijnanasakuntalam- Kalidasa

c) Mrcchakatikam- Sudraka

d) Mudraraksasam- Visakhadatta

e) Uttararamacaritam- Bhavabhuti

f) Ratnavali- Sriharshavardhana

g) Venisamharam- Bhattanarayana

Group 4

Short notes in Sanskrit on the following:

a) Meghadutam-Kalidasa

b) Nitisatakam-Bhartrhari

c) Panchtantra

d) Rajatarangini-Kalhana

e) Harsacaritam-Banabhatta

f) Amarukasatakam-Amaruka

g) Gitagovindam-Jayadeva

Section-B

Questions from Groups 1 & 2 are to be answered in Sanskrit only. (Questions from Groups 3 & 4 are to be answered in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate).

This Section will require first hand reading of the following selected texts :

Group 1

(a) Raghuvansam-CantoI, Verses 1 to 10

(b) Kumarasambhavam-Canto I, Verses 1 to 10

(c) Kiratarjuniyam-Canto I, Verses 1 to 10

Group 2

(a) Isavasyopanisad-verses-1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18

(b) Bhagavatgita II chapter verses 13 to 25

(c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto 15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta Press Edition)

Group 3

(a) Meghadutam-verses 1 to 10

(b) Nitisatakam-Verses 1 to 10 (Edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Publication)

(c) Kadambari-Sukanaso-padesa (only)

Group 4

(a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI

(b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition)

(c) Uttararamacharitam Act 1 verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition)

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Sindhi

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Sindhi) (Arabic or Devanagari script)

Section-A

1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language-views of different scholars.

(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.

(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.

(d) Sindhi vocabularly-stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods.

(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.

(f) Changes in the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions.

Section-B

2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods :

a. Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.

b. Late medicval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.

c. Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

d. Modern period from 1947 and onwards (Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature and experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs, and travelogues.)

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Sindhi) (Arabic or Devanagari script).

This paper will require the first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.

Section-A

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

(1) Poetry

a. “Shah Jo Choond Shair” : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages)

b. “Sachal Jo Choond Kalam” : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only)

c. “Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka” : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages)

d. “Shair-e-Bewas” : by Kishinchand Bewas (“Saamoondi Sipoon” portion only)

e. “Roshan Chhanvro” : Narayan Shyam

f. “Virhange Khanpoije Sindhi Shair jee Choond” : ed. H.I. Sadarangani Published by Sahitya Akademi

(2) Drama

g. “Behtareen Sindhi Natak” (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi Academy.

h. “Kako Kaloomal” (Full-length Play) : by Madan Jumani

Section-B

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi

b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishan Khatwani

c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, Published by Sahitya Akademi.
d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani

e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays) : Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Akademi.

f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi.

g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani

h. “Dr. Choithram Gidwani” (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma

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Tamil

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Tamil)

Section-A

Part: 1 History of Tamil Language

Major Indian Language Families – The place of Tamil among Indian languages in general and Dravidian in particular-Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages.

The language of Sangam literature – The language of medieval Tamil: Pallava period only-Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, adjectives, adverbs Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.

Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil-Regional and social dialects-difference between literary and spoken Tamil.

Part: 2 History of Tamil Literature

Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literatue – The division of Akam and puram-The secular characteristics of Sangam Literature-The development of Ethical literatureSilappadikaram and Manimekalai.

Part: 3 Devotional literature (Alwars and Nayanmars)

The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns-Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji) Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil literature: Novel, Short story and New Poetry-The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.

Section-B

Part:1 Recent trends in Tamil Studies

Approaches to criticism: Social, psychological, historical and moralistic-the use of criticism-the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyppadu, Padimam(image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (ambiguity)-The concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.

Part: 2 Folk literature in Tamil

Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles-Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation – Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.

Part: 3 Cultural Heritage of the Tamils

Concept of Love and War-Concept of Aramthe ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs, beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.

The cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature-cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism & Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Tamil)

The paper will require first hand reading of the Text prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A

Part: 1 Ancient Literature

(1) Kuruntokai (1-25 poems)

(2) Purananurui (182-200 poems)

(3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai)

Part : 2 Epic Literature

(1) Silappadikaram: Madhurai Kandam only.

(2) Kambaramayanam: Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam

Part 3: Devotional Literature

(1) Tiruvasagam: Neetthal Vinnappam

(2) Tiruppavai: (Full Text)

Section-B

Modern Literature

Part 1 : Poetry

(1) Bharathiar: Kannan Pattu

(2) Bharathidasan: Kudumba Vilakku

(3) Naa. Kamarasan: Karuppu Malarkal

Prose

(1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum

(2) C N Annadurai : Ye!Thazhntha Tamilagame.

Part : 2 Novel, Short story and Drama

(1) Akilon: Chittirappavai

(2) Jayakanthan: Gurupeedam

(3) Cho: Yarukkum Vetkamillai

Part: 3 Folk Literature

(1) Muthuppattan Kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication: Madurai Kamaraj University)

(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication: Saraswathi, Mahal, Thanjavur)

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Telugu

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Telugu)

Section-A

Language

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.

2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.

5. Modernization of Telugu language.

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.

(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TV etc.)

(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including

scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu-Regional and social variations and problems of standardization.

7. Syntax-Major divisions of Telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound sentences-Noun and verb predications-Processes of nominlization and relativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.

8. Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-Methods of translation-Approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various uses of translation.

Section-B

Literature

1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi poetry.

2. Nannaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.

3. Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.

4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.

5. Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.

6. Srinatha and Potana-Their woks and contribution.

7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.

8. Evolution of prabandhas-Kavya and prabandha.

9. Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura Vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.

10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.

11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.

13. Main divisions of folk literature-Performing folk arts.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Telugu)

This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches.

i) Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.

ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section-A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Charitra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5-109)

2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva -3rd Canto verses 1144)

3. Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76-133)

4. Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-142)

5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)

6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu

Section-B

7. Gurajada Appa Rao – Animutyalu (Short stories)

8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti

9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry – Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)

10. Sri Sri – Maha prastanam.

11. Jashuva – Gabbilam (Part I)

12. C. Narayana Reddy – Karpuravasanta rayalu.

13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma – Sarada lekhalu (Part I)

14. Atreya – N.G.O.

15. Racha konda Visswanatha Sastry – Alpajaeevi.

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Urdu

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Urdu)

Section-A

Development of Urdu Language

a) Development of Indo-Aryan (i) Old IndoAryan (ii) Middle Indo Aryan (iii) New Indo Aryan

b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi Kannauji, Bundeli-Theories about the origin of Urdu Language

c) Dakhani Urdu-Origin and development, its significant linguistic features.

d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language-and its distinctive features.

Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.

Section-B

a) Genres and their development : (i) Poetry : Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai, Jadid Nazm,

(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.

b) Significant features of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.

c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.

d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative topics)

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Urdu)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section-A
1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar
2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e-Ghalib
3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal
4. Prem Chand Godan
5. Rajendra Singh Apne Dukh Mujhe Bedi Dedo
6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

Section-B
1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)
2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan
3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib
4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail
5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma
6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba
7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat

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English

The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from the following periods in English Literature: Paper I: 1600-1900 and Paper II : 1900-1990.

There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : a) A short-notes question related to the topics for general study, and b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in English.

Texts for detailed study are listed below.

Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :

The Renaissance : Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age.

Section-A

1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.

2. John Donne. The following poems :

– Canonization;

– Death be not proud;

– The Good Morrow;

– On his Mistress going to bed;

– The Relic;

3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX

4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.

5. William Wordsworth. The following poems: – Ode on Intimations of Immortality.
– Tintern Abbey.

– Three years she grew.

– She dwelt among untrodden ways. – Michael.
– Resolution and Independence. – The World is too much with us.
– Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour. – Upon Westminster Bridge.

6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.

7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.

Section-B

1. Jonathan Swift. Gulliver’s Travels.

2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.

3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.

4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.

5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.

6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.

7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

PAPER-II

Answers must be written in English. Texts for detailed study are listed below.
Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :

Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature; Post-Modernism.

Section-A

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems:

– Easter 1916

– The Second Coming

– A Prayer for my daughter.

– Sailing to Byzantium.

– The Tower.

– Among School Children.

– Leda and the Swan.

– Meru

– Lapis Lazuli

– The Second Coming

– Byzantium.

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems : – The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock – Journey of the Magi.

– Burnt Norton.

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems : – Partition
– Musee des Beaux Arts

– in Memory of W.B. Yeats

– Lay your sleeping head, my love – The Unknown Citizen
– Consider

– Mundus Et Infans

– The Shield of Achilles – September 1, 1939

– Petition.

4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.

5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.

6. Philip Larkin. The following poems : – Next
– Please

– Deceptions – Afternoons – Days

– Mr. Bleaney

7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems : – Looking for a Causim on a Swing

– A River

– Of Mothers, among other Things – Love Poem for a Wife 1
– Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House – Obituary
(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).

Section-B

1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim.

2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.

4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.

5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs Dalloway.

6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.

7. V.S. Naipal. A House for Mr. Biswas.

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Paper-8 & 9: (Qualifying Papers) - Not counted for final ranking

Paper ‐ A – Indian Language

The qualifying paper on Indian Languages will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard. The marks obtained in this paper will not be counted for ranking. The aim of the paper is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand serious discursive prose and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in the English and Indian Language concerned. The minimum marks needed is 30%. (UPSC says, the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 30% marks in Indian Language and 25% marks in English as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers.)

Qualifying Indian Language Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam

The pattern of questions in the qualifying Indian Language Paper would be broad as follows:

(i) Comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Precis Writing
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essay
(v) Translation from English to the Indian language and vice‐versa.

Indian Languages and Scripts Allowed by UPSC for Civil Services Exam

For the Language medium/ literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates will be as under:—

 Language                              Script

  1. Assamese                             Assamese
  2. Bengali                                  Bengali
  3. Gujarati                                 Gujarati
  4. Hindi                                     Devanagari
  5. Kannada                                Kannada
  6. Kashmiri                                Persian
  7. Konkani                                 Devanagari
  8. Malayalam                            Malayalam
  9. Manipuri                               Bengali
  10. Marathi                                 Devanagari
  11. Nepali                                   Devanagari
  12. Oriya                                     Oriya
  13. Punjabi                                 Gurumukhi
  14. Sanskrit                                 Devanagari
  15. Sindhi                                   Devanagari or Arabic
  16. Tamil                                    Tamil
  17. Telugu                                  Telugu
  18. Urdu                                     Persian
  19. Bodo                                    Devanagari
  20. Dogri                                     Devanagari
  21. Maithilli                                 Devanagari
  22. Santhali                                 Devanagari or Olchiki

Note: For the Santhali language, the question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates will be free to answer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.

Note: Paper A will not be compulsory for candidates hailing from the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Sikkim.

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Paper ‐ B – English Language

The qualifying paper on the English Language in Civil Services Mains Exam will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard. The marks obtained in this paper will not be counted for ranking. The aim of the paper is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand serious discursive prose and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in the English Language. The minimum marks needed is 25%. (UPSC says, the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 30% marks in Indian Language and 25% marks in English as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers.)

Qualifying English Language Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam

The pattern of questions would be broad as follows:‐

(i) Comprehension of given passages
(ii) Precis Writing
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary
(iv) Short Essay.

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Prelims Sureshots – Most Probable Topics for UPSC Prelims

A Compilation of the Most Probable Topics for UPSC Prelims, including Schemes, Freedom Fighters, Judgments, Acts, National Parks, Government Agencies, Space Missions, and more. Get a guaranteed 120+ marks!

[UPSC Syllabus] Interview/Personality Test – 275 Marks

  • The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his/her career. He/she will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only his/her intellectual qualities but also social traits and his/her interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, a balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.
  • The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.
  • The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should arouse the curiosity of well-educated youth.

Sub Total (Written test): 1750 Marks
Personality Test: 275 Marks
Grand Total: 2025 Marks

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