Terai Arc Landscape (TAL)

Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) mind map
Overview
Location
Between river Yamuna and river Bagmati
Encompasses
Shivalik hills
Bhabhar areas
Terai flood plains
Span
810km stretch
49,500 km² total area
30,000 km² in India
Countries
India
Nepal
Protected areas
14 in total
Parsa National Park, Nepal
Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Banke National Park, Nepal
Bardia National Park, Nepal
Blackbuck Conservation Area, Nepal
Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Valmiki National Park, India
Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Dudhwa National Park, India
Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Corbett National Park, India
Rajaji National Park, India
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve, India
9 in India
5 in Nepal
Biodiversity
Mammals
Bengal tiger
Indian rhinoceros
Asian elephant
Gaur
Hispid hare
Sloth bear
South Asian river dolphin
Birds
Over 500 species
Bengal florican
Sarus crane
Black stork
Others
Wide range of fish
Amphibians
Freshwater crustaceans
Conservation Efforts
Initiated
2001 by Government of Nepal
Strategic Plans
2004-2014
2015-2025
Goals
Address conservation management
Tackle priority threats
Ensure socio-ecological integrity
WWF Involvement
Since 2000
Aims for habitat integrity
Establish wildlife corridors
Provide alternate livelihoods
Challenges
Threats
Forest conversion
Encroachment
Infrastructure development
Wildlife crimes
Human-wildlife conflict
Unsustainable forest product extraction
Climate impacts
Forest fire
River diversions
Droughts
Population
Dense human population
Dependence on forests for resources
Significance
Ecological health
Survival of endangered species

The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL), stretching between the Yamuna and Bagmati rivers, encompasses various protected areas across India and Nepal. It is a hotspot for biodiversity, including mammals like the Bengal tiger and the Indian rhinoceros, and over 500 bird species. Conservation efforts have been ongoing since 2001, with strategic plans addressing threats and aiming for socio-ecological integrity. The region faces several challenges, including forest conversion and climate impacts. The survival of endangered species and the ecological health of the area underline the importance of these conservation efforts.

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