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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Santhosh Kumar 28/06/2023

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes upsc notes
Context
Article about evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes
Evolution
Origin of prokaryotes
Simple organisms
Single-celled
No nucleus
Development of eukaryotes
Evolved from prokaryotes
Introduction of mitochondria
Packaging of DNA into nucleus
Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Came from free-living bacteria
Engulfed by ancient Archaea organism
Mutually beneficial relationship formed over time
Led to development of animals, fungi, plants
Evolutionary process
Gradual
Various changes in structure, functions
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Nucleus
Absent in prokaryotes
Present in eukaryotes
DNA
Circular in prokaryotes
Linear in eukaryotes
Membrane-bound organelles
Absent in prokaryotes
Present in eukaryotes (e.g., mitochondria, chloroplasts)
Size
Smaller in prokaryotes
Larger in eukaryotes
Reproduction
Asexual (mostly) in prokaryotes
Sexual and asexual in eukaryotes
Examples
Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes
Plants, animals, fungi, protists are eukaryotes

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Tags: 28.06.2023, Newsbits

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