Critical Minerals List

Santhosh Kumar 29/06/2023

Critical Minerals List upsc notes
Context
Union Minister Role
Coal
Mines
Parliamentary Affairs
Unveiled Report
"Critical Minerals for India"
Source: PIB
What are Critical Minerals?
Essential Group
Industrial sectors
Country's economy and security
Characteristics
Scarcity
High economic value
Use in technology
Use in defence systems
Expert Team Report
Ministry of Mines
30 Critical Minerals
Minerals and India's Import Dependency
Critical Minerals
Lithium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Chile, Russia, China, Ireland, Belgium
Cobalt
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: China, Belgium, Netherlands, US, Japan
Nickel
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Sweden, China, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines
Vanadium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Kuwait, Germany, South Africa, Brazil, Thailand
Niobium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Brazil, Australia, Canada, South Africa, Indonesia
Germanium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: China, South Africa, Australia, France, US
Rhenium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Russia, UK, Netherlands, South Africa, China
Beryllium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Russia, UK, Netherlands, South Africa, China
Tantalum
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Malaysia, US
Strontium
Import Dependency: 100%
Major Import Sources: China, US, Russia, Estonia, Slovenia
Zirconium(zircon)
Import Dependency: 80%
Major Import Sources: Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Malaysia, US
Graphite(natural)
Import Dependency: 60%
Major Import Sources: China, Madagascar, Mozambique, Vietnam, Tanzania
Manganese
Import Dependency: 50%
Major Import Sources: South Africa, Gabon, Australia, Brazil, China
Chromium
Import Dependency: 2.5%
Major Import Sources: South Africa, Mozambique, Oman, Switzerland, Turkey
Silicon
Import Dependency: <1%
Major Import Sources: China, Malaysia, Norway, Bhutan, Netherlands
Significance of Critical Minerals List
Prioritizes Minerals
Industrial Sectors
High-tech electronics
Telecommunications
Transport
Defence
Serves as Framework
Policy formulation
Strategic planning
Investment decisions in mining
Aligns with Government's Commitments
Achieving 'Net Zero' target
Attaining self-reliance
Creating resilient mineral sector
Other Initiatives by India
Joined Mineral Security Partnership (MSP)
Geological Survey of India (GSI) Role
Exploring critical minerals
Boosting mining sector growth
KABIL
Joint Venture Company
NALCO
HCL
MECL
Named Khanij Bidesh India Limited
Formed in August 2019
Ensuring supply of Critical Minerals

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