Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) upsc notes
  1. Definition and advantages
    Advanced nuclear reactors
    Capacity up to 300 MW
    Simplicity, safety, cost-effectiveness
    Factory-made, transportable
    Economical, time-efficient
    Longer refueling intervals
  2. India's nuclear power status
    22 nuclear reactors
    7 power plants
    6780 MW nuclear power
    Goal: 10% nuclear power by 2035
  3. Global status of SMRs
    70+ SMR designs
    17 countries
    Examples
      NuScale Power (U.S.)
      Akademik Lomonosov (Russia)
      Rolls-Royce (U.K.)
  4. India's need for more nuclear power
    Limited hydropower growth potential
    Coal capacity: 210 GW, 73% electricity
    Environmental concerns
    Intermittent wind and solar power
  5. India's strategy
    Transition to SMRs
    Public-private partnerships
    Raise nuclear power to 10% by 2035
  6. Niti Aayog's suggestions
    Encourage private sector participation
    Implement regulatory changes for safety
    Modify foreign investment policies
  7. Way ahead for India
    Move towards passive safety designs
    Enforce nuclear liability
    End NPCIL monopoly in reactor operations
  8. Conclusion
    Achieve net zero by 2070
    Need 100 GW nuclear power by 2050
    Portfolio of technologies, including SMRs
    Safe and cost-effective nuclear power

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