Neanderthals

Santhosh Kumar 28/11/2023
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Neanderthals mind map Recent discoveries Oldest known Neanderthal cave engravings discovered Study casts doubt on Neanderthal 'flower burial' theory Speech capabilities Study on bone structure in skulls Digital reconstruction of bones Findings suggest capacity to hear and produce human-like speech Homo neanderthalensis Distinct human species Closest ancient human relatives Shared common ancestor with Homo sapiens Evolutionary history Earliest Neanderthal-like fossils around 430,000 years old Best-known Neanderthals lived between 130,000 and 40,000 years ago Physical characteristics Long, low skull with prominent brow ridge Adapted to cold environments Short limbs and torso for heat conservation Wide noses for warming and humidifying air Similar appearance to modern humans Lifestyle Adaptable to different environments Cold steppe environments in England and Siberia about 60,000 years ago Warm temperate woodlands in Spain and Italy about 120,000 years ago Social complexity suggests ability to communicate Genetic makeup Several Neanderthal genomes reconstructed from ancient DNA Modern humans have inherited around 2% Neanderthal DNA Tools and technology Made and used diverse set of sophisticated tools Controlled fire Made and wore clothing Hunting Skilled hunters of large animals Culture Made symbolic or ornamental objects Deliberately buried their dead Marked graves with offerings Extinction theories Climate change Aggression of Homo sapiens Competition for resources Interbreeding with Homo sapiens

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