National Research Foundation (NRF)

National Research Foundation (NRF) upsc notes
  Context
    Union Cabinet approval
      PM of India chair
      NRF Bill 2023 approval
      Strategic direction for scientific research
    Source: PIB
  Bill Highlights
    NRF establishment
    SERB repeal
      Subsumed into NRF
  Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
    Statutory body under DST
    Establishment
      Year 2009
      SERB Act, 2008
    Promotion and financial assistance
      Basic research in science and engineering
      Scientists, academic institutions, R&D labs, S&T start-ups, etc.
  About NRF
    Apex body establishment
    Estimated cost: ₹50,000 crores (2023-28)
      Government contribution: ₹10,000 crores
      Private sector investments: ~₹36,000 crores
    Recommended by NEP 2020
    Administrative department: DST, Ministry of S&T
    Governance
      Governing Board
        Ex-officio President: PM
        Ex-officio Vice-Presidents: Union Minister of S&T, Union Minister of Education
        Other members: Eminent researchers and professionals
      Executive Council
        Chair: Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India
    Purpose
      Seed, grow, promote R&D
      Foster research and innovation culture
        Universities, colleges, research institutions, R&D labs
      Research funding prioritisation
      Equitable and participatory scientific research
        Greater private sector participation
      Current fund allocation issue
        Majority to IITs and IISc
        ~10% to State universities
    Strategy
      Forge collaborations
        Industry, academia, government departments, research institutions
      Interface mechanism for participation and contribution
      Create policy framework
      Put regulatory processes to encourage collaboration and increased R&D spending by industry
  NRF/Bill Significance/need
    India's R&D spending: 0.7% of GDP
      Comparison: US (2.83%), China (2.14%), Israel (4.9%), Brazil, Malaysia, Egypt
    Democratization of science funding
    Solutions for big problems facing Indian society
    Current laws make private contribution to funding bodies difficult

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