India’s Green Credit Programme

India’s Green Credit Programme upsc notes
  Context
    Union Budget 2023-24 announcement
    MoEFCC notified draft
      Green Credit Programme (GCP)
      Implementation rules 2023
    Source: TP
  Green Credit Programme (GCP)
    Individuals, industries, FPOs
      ULBs, gram panchayats
      Private sectors, etc.
    Tradable on domestic market platform
    Follows LiFE principle
      Lifestyle for Environment
    Encourage sustainable lifestyles
      Driving behavioural changes
      Incentivise environment-friendly practices
    Administration
      Indian Council for Forestry Research and Education
        Autonomous organisation
      Under MoEFCC
  8 sectors for generating credits
    Tree plantation-based Green Credit
      Increase green cover
      Tree plantation, related activities
    Water-based Green Credit
      Water conservation, harvesting
      Water use efficiency/savings
      Treatment, reuse of wastewater
    Sustainable agriculture-based Green Credit
      Natural, regenerative agricultural practices
      Land restoration, improve productivity
      Improve soil health, nutritional value
    Waste management-based Green Credit
      Sustainable waste management practices
      Collection, segregation, treatment
    Air pollution reduction-based Green Credit
      Measures for reducing air pollution
      Other pollution-abatement activities
    Mangrove conservation-based Green Credit
      Conservation, restoration of mangroves
    Ecomark-based Green Credit
      Encourage eco-mark label
      For goods and services
    Sustainable building-based Green Credit
      Encourage construction
      Sustainable technologies, materials
  Objectives of GCP
    Market-based mechanism
      Incentivise voluntary environmental actions
    Encourage private sector, other entities
      Meet existing obligations
      Stemming from other legal frameworks
  GCP vs carbon markets
    Unlike carbon markets
      GHG emissions were traded
    GCP accounts for wide range actions
    Uniqueness of GCP globally
  Significance of the GCP
    First-of-its-kind instrument
    Value, reward multiple ecosystem services
    Allow green projects
      Achieve optimal returns beyond carbon
    Allow project proponents
      Access carbon markets additionally
    Similar mechanisms elsewhere
      In France, Germany, Sweden
  Concerns
    Good intent but challenging implementation
    Difficulty establishing equivalence
      Between various actions
    Monitoring, reporting, verification challenges
    Risk of greenwashing
  Way ahead
    Build capacity to monitor
      Prevent fraud
    Save resources for more transformational
      Pollution control, biodiversity protection

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