Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. (250 words) [2021]
Mahatma Gandhi’s constructive programs during the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement were instrumental in India’s fight for independence. These programs aimed to foster self-reliance, unity, and improve the lives of the people. Key aspects of Gandhi’s constructive programs are as follows:
- Communal Unity: Gandhi stressed the importance of communal harmony and unity among religious groups, recognizing that a united India would be stronger in its pursuit of freedom.
- Khadi and Village Industries: Gandhi promoted the use of Khadi, symbolizing self-reliance. He encouraged the establishment of village industries to make communities self-sufficient.
- Swadeshi: Gandhi advocated for self-sufficiency through domestic production and the boycott of foreign goods, considering it integral to achieving self-rule.
- Student Participation: Gandhi encouraged students to actively participate in the independence movement, believing their involvement would nurture nationalist sentiments and contribute to the struggle.
- Rural Sanitation: Gandhi emphasized the significance of cleanliness and sanitation in rural areas, believing that improving living conditions would benefit the nation as a whole.
- Removal of Untouchability: Gandhi aimed to eradicate untouchability and social discrimination, working towards uplifting lower castes and tribals, as seen in the Bardoli Satyagraha.
- Prohibition: Gandhi advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, viewing it as a social evil detrimental to individuals and society.
- Basic Education: Gandhi introduced the basic education program, which aimed to provide culturally-rooted education to all children. He established the Gujarat Vidyapith, a national university.
- Kisan Movement: Gandhi’s Kisan movement organized farmers effectively, addressing their specific problems and advocating for their rights.
- Labor Union Organization: Gandhi supported the Ahmedabad labor union and nonviolent strikes. He aspired to create a similar model for labor unions across India.
- Integration of Women: Gandhi recognized the importance of women’s participation in the independence movement. He worked towards empowering and including women in various aspects of the struggle.
In summary, Gandhi’s constructive programs were vital in mobilizing the Indian population and propelling the freedom struggle. These programs addressed social, economic, and political issues, leaving a lasting impact on the nation’s development.
![Sunil is a young civil servant and has a reputation for his competence, integrity, dedication and relentlessness in pursuit of difficult and onerous jobs. Considering his profile, he was picked up by his bosses to handle a very challenging and sensitive assignment. He was posted in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal sand mining. Excavating sand from river belts and transporting it through trucks and selling them in the black market was rampant. This illegal sand mining mafia was operating with the support of local functionaries and tribal musclemen who in turn were bribing selected poor tribals and had kept the tribals under fear and intimidation. Sunil being a sharp and energetic officer immediately grasped the ground realities and the modus operandi followed by the mafia through their devious and dubious mechanism. On making inquiries, he gathered that some of their own office employees are in hand and glove with them and have developed close unholy nexus. Sunil initiated stringent action against them and started conducting raids on their illegal operations of the movement of trucks filled with sand. The mafia got rattled as not many officers in the past had taken such strong steps against the mafia. Some of the office employees who were allegedly close to the mafia informed them that the officer is determined to clean up the mafia’s illegal sand mining operations in that district and may cause them irreparable damage. The mafia turned hostile and launched a counter-offensive. The tribal musclemen and mafia started threatening him with dire consequences. His family (wife and old mother) were stalked and were under virtual surveillance and thus causing mental torture, agony and stress to all of them. The matter assumed serious proportions when a muscleman came to his office and threatened him to stop raids etc., otherwise, his fate will not be different than some of his predecessors (ten years back one officer was killed by the mafia) [2021]](https://www.iasexpress.net/wp-content/uploads/content-views/cvp_default_image-600x300.png)
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