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Home » Uncategorized » [Newsbits] 08.07.2023

[Newsbits] 08.07.2023

Swetha 10/07/2023

newsbits mindmap notes

Sakura Science Program

International Election Visitor Program

International Election Visitors Program
News
3-member delegation's visit
Led by Dr. Anup Chandra Pandey
Election Commissioner of India
Observing early presidential elections in Uzbekistan
What
International program for election management bodies
Why
Familiarize fellow election management bodies
With electoral system of world's largest democracy
How
International delegates invited to India
Visit polling stations
Witness the election process firsthand
Sharing of best practices and experiences
Among the delegates
Who
By Election Commission of India
When
Since 2012

Time Dilation

News
Scientists' use of quasars
Demonstrate time dilation in early universe
What
Consequence of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
Time is relative
Time passes at different rates
Depending on observers' relative positions or motions in gravitational field
Slowing down of clock
As determined by observer in relative motion with respect to the clock
How
Time dilation due to effects of motion, gravity on time flow
According to Einstein's theory of relativity
Time can vary depending on observer's motion, strength of gravity
High-speed relative motion between objects
Time appears to slow down for moving object relative to stationary one
Known as "time dilation"
Consequence of constant speed of light, principle of physics being the same for all observers
Faster an object moves, more pronounced time dilation effect
Presence of strong gravitational field
Time appears to run slower compared to weaker gravitational field
Gravitational time dilation
Caused by curvature of spacetime near massive objects
Like planets, stars, black holes
Clocks closer to a massive object tick slower
Compared to those farther away
Confirmed through various experiments
Such as Hafele-Keating experiment, high-speed particles, atomic clocks measurements
Facts
Twin paradox
Thought experiment illustrating effects of time dilation
Involves two twins
Twin A stays on Earth
Twin B travels in high-speed spaceship
Twin B accelerates to significant fraction of speed of light
Turns around, returns to Earth
Time dilation effect on twin B during journey
Experiences time passing more slowly than twin A
On return, less time passed for twin B
Compared to twin A on Earth
Twin B appears younger than twin A
Paradox of one twin aging more slowly
Despite both being born at the same time

Biosimilars

Internet Lease Lines

Internet Lease Line
News
Manipur High Court direction
State government to lift ban
Provision of internet through ILLs
Government to consider Fibre to Home connections
Case to case basis
Comply with safeguards suggested by Expert Committee
Safeguards include
Limiting internet speed to 10MB/s
Secure undertakings from intended users
Not to engage in illegal activities
Subject users to physical monitoring
By concerned authority/officials
What
ILLs are dedicated internet connections
Fixed bandwidth
Features
Uncontended connections
Not shared with other users
Symmetrical
Equal download and upload speeds
Point to point
Connects ISP and business location
Pros
Secure and reliable internet connection
Maximum download capacity, resilience and uptime
Who
Generally used by
Enterprises
Businesses
Offices
Institutes

GB Nerve Agent

GB Nerve Agent
News
US destroyed last declared chemical weapons
Meet Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) deadline
Deadline: September 30th
What
Known as sarin
Deadly toxin
Affects nervous system
Features
Odourless
Tasteless
Clear, colourless liquid
Significance
Weapon of mass destruction
1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) prohibition
Prohibits production, stockpiling
One of most toxic known chemical warfare agents
How
Toxin absorption methods
Inhalation
Skin contact
Ingestion
Functionality similar to organophosphate pesticides
Acts on specific enzyme
Stops muscles from contracting
Constant state of muscle contraction when enzyme is non-functional
Impedes breathing
Can cause suffocation through respiratory paralysis
Leads to death in 1-10 minutes
Unless antidote administered immediately
Antidotes
Atropine
Pralidoxime
When
Developed in 1938 in Germany
Originally developed as pesticide
Facts
USA's stockpile of chemical weapons post Cold War
Over 30,000 tonnes
Chemical weapons first use in WWI
Killed at least 100,000 people
Decades-long campaign by US to destroy chemical weapons stockpile
Utilization of incineration technology
Johnston Atoll in Pacific Ocean is one site
Utilization of neutralization process
Also known as chemical hydrolysis
Sodium hydroxide added to warfare agents

Learn More

[Newsbits] 1.06.2023
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