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[Newsbits] 05.07.2023

Swetha 05/07/2023
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WHO Guidelines to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing

WHO Guidelines News WHO released guidelines What Policy recommendations to protect children from harmful food marketing promoting unhealthy dietary choices Highlights Uses child definition from Convention on the Rights of the Child Policies should protect all children Mandatory policies to protect children from marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages with high Saturated fatty acids Trans-fatty acids Free sugars Salt Countries must use a nutrient profile model Policies must be comprehensive enough to minimize intra and inter-medium migration to avoid marketing restrictions in regulated channels or settings How Based on WHO recommendations from 2010 Includes recent evidence reviews on how food marketing affects children’s Food-related attitudes Beliefs Eating behaviors Health Who From the World Health Organization

Gallium and Germanium

Gallium and Germanium News China imposed export restrictions on gallium and germanium Reason: "Safeguard national security" What Germanium Rare ores, mostly by-product of zinc production and coal fly ash Gallium Found in traces in zinc ores and bauxite Mainly used to make gallium arsenide, key in electronics How Used in manufacturing chips in Mobile phones Cars Computers Other products Used in military technology Key to renewable energy sector For example, used in solar cells Where China: world’s largest source of these 2 metals Produces 600 metric tons/year germanium (60% of world’s germanium production) Produces 80% of world’s gallium, exports 23 metric tons/year Germanium sources: Canada, Finland, Russia, USA Small gallium production: Japan, Russia, South Korea Germany set to restart primary gallium production Facts USA gets nearly 50% of its gallium and germanium from China Possible substitutes Gallium in arsenide wafers: indium, silicon Infrared application systems: zinc selenide, germanium glass instead of germanium

Childhood Diabetes

Childhood Diabetes News Published study in JAMA Network journal 39.4% increase in childhood diabetes cases since 1990 India: highest number of childhood diabetes cases and deaths in 2019 India: highest disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) 1 DALY = loss of equivalent of one year of full health Calls for cost-effective and targeted strategies to Mitigate morbidity and mortality Reduce socioeconomic burden Avoid corresponding risks What Known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes Chronic condition Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin Symptoms Increased thirst Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unintended weight loss Fatigue Facts Traditionally, type 1 was common in children Increase in obesity: Rising incidence of type 2 Type 1 diabetes Autoimmune reaction: immune system attacks pancreatic cells making insulin Type 2 diabetes Increased resistance to insulin over years Risk factors: obesity, sedentary lifestyle

National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission

National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission News Launch location: Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh Release of guidelines and training modules Cover primary, secondary and tertiary care Awareness module Counselling module Sickle Cell Genetic Status Cards PM handed over to beneficiaries What Aim: Eliminate sickle cell anaemia by 2047 Under National Health Mission Sickle Cell Anaemia Chronic single gene disorder Causes RBCs to acquire distorted shape Inherit defective gene from both parents to get disease Causes Impediment to smooth blood flow in capillaries Anaemia Persistent pain Organ damage Stroke Other complications How Comprehensive approach Combines screening and awareness Ensures early detection and treatment Screening across 278 districts Age group: 0-40 years Sickle Cell Genetic Status Cards Beneficiaries can determine risk for future children 2023-24 to 2025-26 period 7 crore people to be screened Where 17 high priority states Gujarat Maharashtra Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand Chhattisgarh West Bengal Odisha Tamil Nadu Telangana Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Assam Uttar Pradesh Kerala Bihar Uttarakhand

Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone

Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone News International Seabed Authority Resuming negotiations Aim: Open international seabed for mining What Submarine fracture zone Area: 4.5 million sq.km. Location: Pacific Ocean floor Significance High concentration of polymetallic nodules Contain Nickel Manganese Copper Zinc Cobalt Other minerals Where Between Hawaii and Mexico Northern part of East Pacific Rise When Discovery year: 1950

Scheme for pregnant minor rape victims

Scheme for pregnant minor rape victims News Launch of new Government initiative What Scheme yo Provide critical care and support Facilitate access to justice Aid pregnant minor rape/gang rape survivors Beneficiaries Minor girls Lack self-support means Forced pregnancy Resulting from rape or gang rape Abandoned by families How Budget Rs 74.10 crore outlay Fund Nirbhaya fund Provisions Shelter Standalone shelters Wards in existing child care institutions Safe spaces for victims Food Daily needs Legal aid Safe transportation for court hearings Who Ministry of Women and Child Development Facts NCRB report 51,863 POCSO Act cases in 2021 64% or 33,348 cases Registered under sections 3 and 5 Deal with penetrative sexual assault Aggravated penetrative sexual assault Courts 415 POCSO fast track courts Established across India

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