India’s Bioeconomy Challenges

India's Bioeconomy Challenges upsc notes
  Context
    Bioeconomy growth lack of funding and policy support
  Bioeconomy Definition
    Economic activity
      Biotechnology and biomass use
      Production of goods, services, energy
  India's Bioeconomy
    DBT's Bioeconomy Report 2022
      2.6% contribution to GDP
      Prediction of 5% of GDP by 2030
  Concerns
    Funding for DBT
      0.0001% of India's GDP
    Lack of risk-taking policies
    Lack of biotechnology policy alignment
  Case Study
    Genetically Engineered (GE) Insects Guidelines
      Uncertainty of purpose
        GE insect applications
          Human and livestock health
          Crop management
          Standard of living improvement
            Disease burden reduction
            Food security enablement
            Environment conservation
        Absence of approved GE insect purposes
      Uncertainty for researchers
        Guidelines applicable to research only
        Trials approval from Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
        GE insects can't be recalled post-deployment
      Uncertainty of ambit
        Standard operating procedures for GE mosquitoes, crop pests, beneficial insects
        Lack of clarity on beneficial GE insects
  Way Forward
    Private funding attraction for biotechnology R&D
    Biotechnology policy revision for economic significance
    Importance of biotechnology for pandemic preparedness

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