Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) mind map
  Recent developments
    Supreme Court directives
      Identify children for adoption every two months
      Set up Specialised Adoption Agency (SAA) in every district by January 31, 2024
      Submit data on Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (HAMA) adoptions
      Streamline adoption process
      Address mismatch between available children and adoptive parents
      Report by "The Temple of Healing" on legal process simplification
  About
    Autonomous and statutory body
      Ministry of Women and Child Development
        Government of India
      Established in 1990
      Functions under Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
    Nodal body for adoption
      Indian children
      Monitor and regulate adoptions
        In-country
        Inter-country
    Designated Central Authority
      Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, 1993
        Ratified by India in 2003
    Handles adoption
      Orphaned, surrendered, abandoned children
        Through recognized adoption agencies
      Allows live-in relationships to adopt
        From 2018
  Adoption laws in India
    Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (HAMA)
      Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs
    Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
      Guardianship, not adoption
  Adoption preferences
    Indian families prioritized
    Non-Resident Indian (NRI) citizens and couples
      On par with Indian residents from 2014
    Foreigners
      Immediate Placement list
        Children passed over by Indian families
        Includes older, sibling groups, health ailments or disabilities
    Adoption criteria for prospective parents
      Physically, mentally, emotionally stable
      Financially capable
      No life-threatening medical condition
      Marital status
        Single female can adopt male or female child
        Single male cannot adopt female child
        Couples must consent, stable marriage of 2 years
      Maximum number of biological children: Four
      Age criteria
        Child up to 4 years: Parents' maximum age 90 years
        Child 4-8 years: Parents' maximum age 100 years
        Child 8-18 years: Parents' maximum age 110 years
      Minimum age difference with child: 25 years
    Preference in Adoption
      Hague Convention compliance
      NRIs, PIOs on par with Indian citizens since 2014
      Foreigners outside India adopt from Immediate Placement list
    Schedule for moving children to inter-country adoption list
      Below 5 years: After 60 days
      Above 5 years or sibling: After 30 days
      Intellectual or physical disability: After 15 days
  Legal framework for adoption
    Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956
      Applies to Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists
    Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
      Applies to Muslims, Christians, Jews, Parsis
    Adoption procedure
      Register on Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS)
      Home Study Report (HSR) by Specialised Adoption Agency (SSA)
      Determine suitability of parents
      Reserve up to six children for adoption
      Finalize adoption at agency
      Pre-adoption foster care
      SSA files petition in court
      Court issues adoption order
      Post-adoption follow-up for two years

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