Environmental DNA (eDNA)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) mind map
  News/Context
    Scientist estimated total taxonomic diversity
      Chilika lagoon in Odisha
        About 1,071 families
        Across the tree of life
        Using environmental DNA (eDNA) method
  What
    eDNA
      Definition
        Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA
        Released into the environment
        During organism's lifetime or after death
      Sources of eDNA
        Secreted feces
        Mucous
        Gametes
        Shed skin and hair
        Carcasses
    eDNA method
      Non-invasive method
      Assess total biodiversity
        By sequencing DNA
          Found in the environment
      Developed by
        LaCONES
          Full form
            Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species
          Part of
            CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
            Headquartered in Hyderabad
      Sample size
        Few litres of
          Water
          Soil
          Air
      Working mechanism
        Molecular approach
        Filter out eDNA from samples
        Read sequences
        Identify eDNA source
      Techniques used
        PCR
          Full form
            Polymerase chain reaction
          Purpose
            Amplify DNA for sequencing
        qPCR
          Full form
            Quantitative PCR
          Purpose
            Detect and quantify DNA
  Why
    Significance
      Cheaper
      Faster
      Highly scalable
      Applications
        Monitoring ecosystems
        Conserving biodiversity
        Detecting various organisms
          Viruses
          Bacteria
          Archaea
          Eukaryotes
        Revealing presence
          Human remains
  Where
    Chilika lagoon in Odisha
      Country's largest brackish water lagoon
    Plane wreck vicinity
      2nd World War
      For floating eDNA
        Sample collection
          Seawater
  When
    Recent estimation
      Total taxonomic diversity
  Who
    Scientists
      Method application
        eDNA to estimate diversity
    LaCONES
      Development of eDNA method
  How
    Collecting samples
      From various environments
        Water
        Soil
        Air
    Using PCR and qPCR
      For DNA sequencing

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