Solar Geo-Engineering

Solar Geo-Engineering Mind Map
  Context
    Potential climate change solution
  Definition
    Reflect sunlight to cool Earth
  SRM methods
    Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)
      Injecting reflecting particles
    Marine cloud brightening (MCB)
      Sea salt stimulates cloud formation
  Paris Agreement target
    Limit temperature increase
      Below 2°C
      Efforts for 1.5°C
    Net global CO2 emissions zero by mid-century
  Potential
    Cost-effective
      $18 billion per cooling degree
    Carbon dioxide removal comparison
      Requires more money
  Implications
    Polar Warming and Ice Melt
      Temperature increases around poles
    Impact on Monsoon Patterns
      Potential rainfall and weather system disruptions
    Moral hazard
      Slow emission reductions risk
      Delay low-carbon economy transition
    Little is known about impacts
      Computer-based modelling
      Natural observations (e.g., volcanic eruption)
    Uncoordinated Efforts
      Risks of uncoordinated actions
      Private companies' unregulated experiments
        Example: "Make Sunsets" releases sulphur dioxide
  USA’s plan
    Public or private actors
      Aerosols and MCB sunlight reflection
    Research focus
      Assess potential risks and benefits
      Climate policy components
        Mitigation
        Adaptation
  Way ahead
    International governance need
    Experimentation source
      Only from governments
    Public involvement in decision-making
  Conclusion
    Ethical and environmental risks
    Need for public scrutiny and debate
    Primary solutions
      Mitigation and Adaptation

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