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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Santhosh Kumar 28/06/2023
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes upsc notes Context Article about evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes Evolution Origin of prokaryotes Simple organisms Single-celled No nucleus Development of eukaryotes Evolved from prokaryotes Introduction of mitochondria Packaging of DNA into nucleus Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts Came from free-living bacteria Engulfed by ancient Archaea organism Mutually beneficial relationship formed over time Led to development of animals, fungi, plants Evolutionary process Gradual Various changes in structure, functions Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Nucleus Absent in prokaryotes Present in eukaryotes DNA Circular in prokaryotes Linear in eukaryotes Membrane-bound organelles Absent in prokaryotes Present in eukaryotes (e.g., mitochondria, chloroplasts) Size Smaller in prokaryotes Larger in eukaryotes Reproduction Asexual (mostly) in prokaryotes Sexual and asexual in eukaryotes Examples Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes Plants, animals, fungi, protists are eukaryotes

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