Last Natural Person Above Every Person Clause

Last Natural Person Above Every Person Clause upsc notes
  Context
    SEBI faced challenges
      Hindenburg-Adani allegations case
  What
    Ultimate individual
      Control or ownership over
        Financial investment like FPI
    Transparency and accountability
      In the investment structure
    Most national and international laws
      Lack such provisions
  FPI Vs FDI
    FPI (Foreign Portfolio Investment)
      Investments by foreign individuals or entities
        In financial assets
          Stocks, bonds, mutual funds
    FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)
      Investments by foreign individuals or entities
        In tangible assets
          Businesses, properties, infrastructure projects
      Long-term commitment
      Significant level of control and ownership
  Challenges posed by FPIs
    Use of multiple platforms
      Below limit for beneficial owner identification
    Operation in tax haven jurisdictions
      Ambiguity around ownership and control
  SEBI's Proposed Disclosure Requirements for FPIs
    Tighter Rules for High-Risk FPIs
      50% concentration in a single group or
      Assets valued above Rs 25,000 crore
      Additional details about
        Ownership, economic interests, control rights
    Transition Period and Adherence
      50% exposure to a single corporate group
      Six-month transition period
      Additional disclosure requirements
    Detailed Ownership Information and Enhanced Transparency
      Comprehensive ownership information of FPIs
      Details about
        Natural persons, public retail funds, large public-listed companies
    Stricter FPI Disclosure Standards
      Stricter globally
      Greater transparency and accountability
    FPI Categorization
      Based on risk levels
        Low-risk: Government entities, central banks, sovereign wealth funds
        Moderate-risk: Pension funds, public retail funds
        High-risk: All other FPIs

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