India-US Trade Dispute at WTO

India-US Trade Dispute at WTO upsc notes
  Context: India and US resolution
    Source: TH
  Dispute resolution: Six trade disputes at WTO
    Disputes initiated by India
      Countervailing measures: Carbon steel flat products
      Measures: Renewable energy sector
      Measures: Steel and aluminium products
    Disputes initiated by USA
      Measures: Solar cells and modules
      Export-related measures
      Additional duties: Some products from the US
    Pending dispute: Poultry case
  Significance
    Positive impact: Dispute resolution
    Effect: Trade promotion, export enhancement
    US: Largest trading partner of India (2022-23)
    Effect: Promotion of 2+2 dialogue
    Disputes cover areas: Steel, aluminium, solar energy, export measures
  WTO Dispute Resolution Process
    Dispute settlement ways
      Bilateral consultations: Mutually agreed solution
      Adjudication: Includes panel and Appellate Body reports
    Three stages involved
      Consultations: Between parties
      Dispute settlement panel: If consultations fail
      Adjudication: By panels
    Ruling challenges: Appellate Body of WTO
      Current issue: USA blocking appointments to it
    Final stage: Implementation of ruling
    Alternative to Appellate body: MPIA

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