Congo Rainforest

Congo Rainforest upsc notes
  Context
    Congo rainforest loss
    Half a million hectares lost in 2022
  Key Findings
    Congo rainforest loss details
      500,000 hectares lost in 2022
    Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) loss
      Over 500,000 hectares in 2022
    Global tropical primary forest loss
      4.1 mha worldwide in 2022
      Major contributing countries
        Brazil: 43%
        DRC: 12.1%
        Bolivia
      CO2 generation
        2.7 billion tonnes from forest destruction
      Decrease in DRC humid primary forest
        Reduced by 6.1%
    Primary forests
      Definition
        Forests of native tree species
        No clearly visible human activities
      Primary forest loss details
        Mostly small clearings
        Near cyclical agricultural areas
    Cyclical agricultural areas
      Definition
        Land cleared for short-term cultivation
        Cleared using slash-and-burn techniques
        Left fallow for regeneration
    Economic factors and deforestation
      Dependence on forests for food, energy
      Challenge in reducing primary forest loss
    Drivers of forest loss
      Slash-and-burn agriculture
      Uncontrolled bushfires
      Charcoal production
        Dominant form of energy
        Generated by cutting and burning timber
      Cattle ranching
      Illegal (artisanal) logging
  About Congo Rainforest
    World's second-largest rainforest
    Bordering countries
      Cameroon
      Central African Republic
      Republic of Congo
      Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
      Equatorial Guinea
      Gabon
    Climate
      Tropical climate year-round
      Heavy precipitation
      High humidity and temperatures
    Flora and fauna
      10,000 tropical plants (30% unique)
      400 mammal species
      Over 600 tree species
      10,000 animal species
      1,000 bird species
      700 fish species
      Includes endangered wildlife
        Forest elephants
        Chimpanzees
        Bonobos
    Economic significance
      Provides food, medicine, water, materials, shelter for over 75 million people
    Human inhabitants
      Over 150 ethnic groups for over 50,000 years
      Includes groups like Ba'Aka, BaKa, BaMbuti, Efe
        Often referred to as Pygmies
          Adult males less than 59 inches in average height
          Rely on hunting, gathering for survival in rainforest

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