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Rat-Hole Mining in Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse

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Santhosh Kumar 29/11/2023
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Rat-Hole Mining in Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse mind map 2023 Uttarakhand Tunnel Collapse Date of Incident November 12, 2023 Location Silkyara-Barkot Tunnel Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India Project Details 4.5km Under-Construction Tunnel Part of Char Dham All-Weather Road Project Workers Trapped 41 workers trapped Duration of Trapping 17 days Rescue Operation Led by National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) Border Roads Organisation (BRO) National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) Rescue Techniques Sophisticated augur machines initially Shift to Rat-hole mining Deployment of 12 experts Horizontal and Vertical drilling Clearance of Debris Successfully cleared Pipes laid for worker extraction Rat-Hole Mining Definition Coal Extraction Method Techniques Side-Cutting Tunnels on hill slopes Box-Cutting Vertical rectangular pit Horizontal drilling to coal seam Dimensions Narrow pits Width around four feet Equipment Used Manual labor Primitive tools like pickaxes, shovels Expertise Required Specialists in technique Not typically rat-hole miners Mining Process Team Division Specific tasks assigned Drilling, collecting rubble, transport Use of Specialist Tools Slicing through metal barriers Blower for oxygen/air circulation Ban and Continuation Banned in 2014 by NGT Continues unregulated in Northeast India Safety and Environmental Concerns Lack of proper ventilation Safety equipment absence Structural support lacking Accidents and fatalities Impact on Northeast India Child labor in Meghalaya Past incidents of miner deaths 2018 flood trapping 15 miners 2021 flood trapping five miners

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