Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (150 words) [2021]

Cross-border cyber attacks can have significant impacts on India’s internal security. These attacks can disrupt critical infrastructure, steal sensitive information, and cause financial losses. They can also lead to loss of trust in government and business organizations, and damage the country’s reputation.

To defend against these sophisticated attacks, India has taken several defensive measures, including:

Strengthening cyber laws, policies and regulations: India has created National Cyber Security Policy, Cyber Appellate Tribunal and National Cyber Security Coordinator post.
Building a strong cyber defense infrastructure: India has invested in building a robust cyber defense infrastructure, including the establishment of the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) and the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC).
Enhancing cyber awareness: India has launched several initiatives to educate its citizens and organizations about cyber threats and how to protect themselves, including the “Cyber Swachhta Kendra” and the “Stay Safe Online” campaign.
Collaborating with international partners: India has signed several agreements with other countries and international organizations to share information and best practices on cyber defense, and to jointly combat cyber threats.
Developing a skilled workforce: India has established several training and certification programs to develop a skilled workforce that is proficient in cyber security and can defend against cyber attacks.