Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. (250 words) [2021]

There are several major mountain ranges around the world that have a significant impact on local weather conditions. These mountain ranges are typically aligned in a north-south direction and are caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

One example of a major mountain range that affects local weather conditions is the Rocky Mountains, which stretch from northern Canada to Mexico. The Rocky Mountains are located in a region known as the “rain shadow,” which means that the mountains block moisture-laden air from the Pacific Ocean, causing the western side of the range to be much wetter than the eastern side. This can create a significant temperature gradient across the range, with the eastern side being much drier and warmer than the western side.

Another example of a major mountain range that affects local weather conditions is the Himalayas, which stretch across much of Asia. The Himalayas have a significant impact on the weather patterns of the region, as they block cold air from the north and trap warm, moist air from the south. This can create a monsoon climate in the region, with heavy rainfall during the summer months and dry, cold winters.

Other major mountain ranges that have a significant impact on local weather conditions include the Andes in South America, the Alps in Europe, and the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. These mountain ranges all have a north-south alignment and can create significant temperature gradients and weather patterns in the regions they pass through.

Overall, major mountain ranges have a significant impact on local weather conditions due to their ability to block and trap air masses, create temperature gradients, and influence the direction and intensity of wind patterns.