[Newsbits] 2-9.07.2024: Zorawar Tank, GOLD Satellite, Great Nicobar Project & More

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/ Species

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Exercise Maitree 2024, the 13th edition, will be held from July 1 to 15 in Tak Province, Thailand, resuming after a COVID-19 hiatus. This exercise, which began in 2006 as TICAFE and renamed Maitree in 2013, alternates annually between India and Thailand. It aims to enhance military cooperation, focusing on joint skills in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations in jungle and urban environments. Both nations will send 76 personnel each, from India’s Ladakh Scouts and Thailand’s 1st Battalion, 14 Infantry Regiment. Key drills include joint operation centers, intelligence and surveillance centers, and special operations. The exercise also fosters cultural exchange and broader cooperation in disaster relief and peacekeeping.

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Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare and deadly brain infection caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri, which thrives in warm freshwater. Recently, three people, including a 12-year-old boy, died from PAM in Kerala, India. The amoeba enters the body through the nose and travels to the brain, causing severe damage. Early symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting, which quickly progress to more severe symptoms like stiff neck, dizziness, and hallucinations. Diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity and similarity to other illnesses, requiring specific lab tests. Treatment follows CDC guidelines, emphasizing the need for awareness and immediate medical intervention.

/ World History

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/ Diseases

CAR-T therapy, or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy, is a groundbreaking cancer treatment that genetically modifies a patient’s T-cells to target and destroy cancer cells. Approved by the FDA in 2017, it is particularly effective against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and certain non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Despite its success, the FDA has identified 33 cases of secondary cancers among 30,000 patients, leading to a boxed warning. The potential cause is linked to genetic changes and retroviruses used in the therapy. While the risk of secondary cancers is low, the benefits for advanced cancer patients are significant. Ongoing research aims to enhance the safety and broaden the application of CAR-T therapy.

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/ Biology

New research from the Garvan Institute has revealed that non-coding regions of DNA, previously considered “junk,” may contain cancer-causing genes. This discovery, published in Nucleic Acids Research, highlights the significance of non-coding DNA, which constitutes 98% of our genome. The study focused on CTCF binding sites, crucial for DNA folding and gene regulation, and found consistent alterations in these sites across various cancers. This suggests potential universal targets for cancer treatment, moving away from mutation-specific approaches. Future research aims to use CRISPR to understand these changes better, potentially leading to early detection markers and new therapies, showcasing AI’s role in medical advancements.

/ Bangladesh

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Mercer’s 2024 Cost of Living City rankings reveal that Hong Kong, Singapore, and Zurich are the most expensive cities for expatriates, while Islamabad, Lagos, and Abuja are the least expensive. The analysis evaluated 226 cities globally, using New York City as the baseline. Factors such as exchange rate changes, inflation, and housing costs significantly impact living expenses. Regionally, London, Dubai, and New York City are among the most expensive cities in their respective areas. The rankings highlight the diverse cost-of-living dynamics across different regions and cities worldwide.

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