[Newsbits] 1-15.12.2024: Sora AI, SAMPARK 4.0 & more

The United States announced a $725 million military aid package for Ukraine, including landmines, anti-aircraft weapons, and equipment to counter armoured vehicles. The aid, intended to boost Ukraine’s defence capabilities amidst its conflict with Russia, will be delivered swiftly before President-elect Donald Trump takes office. The Biden administration aims to reinforce Ukraine’s position while uncertainties loom over future US support under the incoming administration. This aid is part of a broader geopolitical effort to uphold democratic values in Eastern Europe, highlighting the US-Ukraine strategic partnership in the ongoing struggle with Russia.

Nepali Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli and Chinese President Xi Jinping recently met to strengthen bilateral relations as the nations approach the 70th anniversary of their diplomatic ties, established in 1955. Discussions emphasized infrastructure, transportation, energy, and cultural exchanges, with Nepal supporting China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and reaffirming its commitment to the One-China Principle. Xi pledged investment in Nepal, while Oli assured that Nepal would not permit its territory to be used against China. Collaborative efforts are expected to bolster economic ties and uphold developing countries’ interests, marking a new chapter in Nepal-China relations.

The National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2024, conducted on December 4, involved 23 lakh students from 88,000 schools across India. It assessed classes 3, 6, and 9 in subjects like language, mathematics, science, and social studies in 23 languages. This initiative aims to evaluate learning outcomes aligned with the National Education Policy 2020, addressing educational gaps and improving quality. Developed by PARAKH under NCERT, the survey was managed by CBSE with support from 95,000 field investigators and other personnel. A National Steering Committee oversees its execution, and the results will be published at national, state, and district levels.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a circular genetic fragment found in cancer cells, contributing to tumour growth, oncogene expression, and treatment resistance. Initially discovered in 1.4% of tumours, advanced research shows its presence in up to 90% of certain cancers like brain tumours. Formed from damaged chromosomal DNA, ecDNA freely moves and clusters during cell division, violating Mendel’s third law. This clustering provides cancer cells with a survival advantage. Targeting ecDNA, particularly through proteins like CHK1, presents potential for developing new cancer therapies. Companies like Boundless Bio are advancing treatments for ecDNA-driven cancers, improving outcomes for glioblastoma, ovarian, and lung cancers.

India and the UK held the second 2+2 Foreign and Defence Dialogue in New Delhi to advance their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Discussions covered trade, defence, innovation, and cultural exchanges, with a focus on implementing the India-UK Roadmap 2030. Key topics included a Free Trade Agreement, cybersecurity, emerging technologies, clean energy, and health cooperation. Both nations reaffirmed their shared vision for a peaceful Indo-Pacific. Projects like the Technology and Security Initiative and UK-India Infrastructure Finance Bridge were also reviewed. The dialogue concluded with plans for the next meeting in the UK in 2025.