Society & Social Justice

  • This category is the compilation of IE Articles on the “Society” & “Social Justice & Rights Issues” portion.
  • It covers issues as per the static and current needs of the exam.
  • New articles will be added and the existing articles will also be updated regularly as per the latest issues.
  • You can suggest topics to be included by clicking the chat button on the bottom right of this page.

UN Guidelines on Access to Social Justice for People with Disabilities

Disabled Persons / Judiciary/Justice / Policies/Plans/Guidelines/Frameworks

Reading Time: 5 mins Access to justice is a fundamental right, as well as a prerequisite for the protection of all other human rights. Norms and standards relating to access to justice for persons with disabilities are set out in a series of binding and non-binding instruments at international and regional levels. Across the world, persons with disabilities encounter considerable obstacles in terms of access to justice. Aiming to make it easier for disabled people around the world to access the justice system, The United Nations has released its first-ever guidelines on access to social justice for people with disabilities recently.

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National Recruitment Agency – Need, Advantages, Challenges, Way Forward

Education / Employment/Human Resources

Reading Time: 5 mins The Union Cabinet led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has decided to set up a National Recruitment Agency (NRA) recently. The proposed NRA will conduct a common preliminary examination for various recruitments in the central government, paving the way for a transformational reform in the recruitment process for central government jobs. NRA will conduct an online Common Eligibility Test for shortlisting candidates for the majority of central government jobs twice a year. Based on the CET score a candidate can apply for a vacancy with the respective agency. It is in this context, let’s make an in-depth analysis of the proposed National Recruiting agency.

National Digital Health Mission – Need, Challenges, Way Ahead

Blockchain / Health / Healthcare / Policies/Plans/Guidelines/Frameworks

Reading Time: 10 mins On India’s 74th Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) based on the National Digital Health Blueprint, which was prepared to create a framework for the National Digital Health Stack. With the economic crisis persisting amid the pandemic, India needs to ensure improved and affordable healthcare so as to guarantee a healthy workforce that helps in the recovery process. NDHM is the step in the right direction in this regard. However, the supportive and regulatory aspects must be fortified before the full-scale implementation of the digital healthcare system.

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National Digital Health Blueprint – Need, Objectives, Challenges and Way Forward

Healthcare / Policies/Plans/Guidelines/Frameworks

Reading Time: 8 mins Recently Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been launched the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), while he was addressing the nation on India’s 74th Independence Day, an initiative which is completely technology-based and is to revolutionize the health sector in India. The National Digital Health Blueprint of the mission was prepared by a health ministry panel to create a framework for the national health stack proposed by the government think tank – NITI Aayog in 2018. Under the mission, every Indian would get a Health ID card containing all relevant information about his/her medical conditions and treatments, tests etc. For every doctor or a pharmacy, or a lab, they visit, all the detail will be registered in this health card. Ranging from doctor appointment to the medication prescribed, medical tests, when were they done, every bit of detail will be available in your health profile.

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Quota within Quota Debate – Everything You Need to Know

Backward Sections / Important Court Verdicts / Important Legislation (Bills & Acts) / Judiciary/Justice / Minorities / Vulnerable Sections

Reading Time: 7 mins A 5-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court reopened the debate on quota within quota for SCs and STs by supporting their sub-classification to ensure equality in the upliftment of all within the marginalised community. Disagreeing with another SC verdict on the same subject, the case was referred to a larger bench comprising of 7 judges or more.

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Human Challenge Trial – Need, Benefits and Challenges

[GS4] Ethics / Diseases / Policies/Plans/Guidelines/Frameworks

Reading Time: 10 mins As Companies race to bring out a vaccine against the Covid-19, Experts are divided on whether the challenge model for vaccine trials should be put to use in the current pandemic. Many people have volunteered to take part in the Human Challenge Trials (HCTs) which involves intentionally infecting volunteers with the novel Coronavirus, in order to speed up the vaccination development. Initiatives like 1DaySooner have seen massive registration of people in many countries who had signed up for such trials voluntarily. Clinical trials are essential to test the safety and efficacy of new treatments in any population. Advocates of  HCT believe that such trials could save valuable time in developing vaccines like a Covid-19 vaccine, as researchers would not have to wait for participants to contract the infection under real-world conditions. A paper in The Journal of Infectious Diseases has proposed replacing Phase 3 with human challenge trials which may subtract many months from the licensure process, making efficacious vaccines available more quickly. However, human challenge studies are ethically sensitive and raise several controversial and unresolved issues in research ethics.

Elections during Pandemic – Challenges and Measures Taken

Elections / Health / Policies/Plans/Guidelines/Frameworks

Reading Time: 8 mins Some experts estimate the coronavirus pandemic to last for two years. Deferring elections for such a long duration could go against the spirit of democracy and federalism – the basic components of the Indian Constitution. Thus, the Election Commission of India (ECI) made India one among the few countries to hold elections amid the pandemic. Since June, it had successfully held Rajya Sabha and legislative council elections in various states under strict COVID-related guidelines. Bihar will be the ultimate test for the EC’s ability to safeguard democracy and public health, as it is the first state to be holding Assembly elections amid pandemic in October-November. The Supreme Court backs the EC’s stand on election process by rejected the plea for the cancellation of Bihar polls, stating that COVID-19 cannot be a “valid reason” for stopping elections.

Expatriates during Pandemic – Issues and Challenges

Diaspora / Middle East / West Asia / Population & Associated Issues

Reading Time: 10 mins India is among the largest contributors of expatriates across the globe. Majority of these Indian expats are located in Gulf countries, which have the largest portion of foreign workers within their territories. With the protectionist sentiments running high, there has been a mass exodus of expats from various parts of the world into the country, especially from the Gulf region, reducing the remittance inflow and increasing stress on the already suffering Indian economy. Yet, these can be seen as a blessing in disguise as it provides the opportunity for India to make use of this highly skilled workforce to achieve economic development and self-reliance.

SC Verdict on Women’s Inheritance Rights: Analysis

Fundamental Rights / Important Court Verdicts / Women

Reading Time: 8 mins In a judgment that would remove ambiguity in Hindu women’s inheritance rights after the amendment to the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, the Supreme Court in its Vineeta Sharma Vs Rakesh Sharma case held that a Hindu Women’s right to be a joint heir to the ancestral property is by birth. It comes in the backdrop of various judgments providing contradictory views on the 2005 amendment and clears the confusion.